History of Abnormal Psychology

Learning Objectives v Historical conceptions of defining, understanding, and treating psychopathology v Fluid nature of psychopathology v Specific details regarding conceptualizations v Philosophical underpinnings of current diagnostic streams

Hippocrates v 1. Black Bile ---- Depression v 2. Yellow Bile ---- Tension/Anxiety v 3. Phlegm ---- Dull, Sluggishness v 4. Blood ---- Mania/Mood Swings

Paracelcus Man is a microcosm, or a little world, because he is an extract from all the stars and planets of the whole firmament, from the earth and the elements; and so he is their quintessence. Paracelsus

Paracelcus v One category of loss of senses: –lunatics who through their own devices had fallen under the influence of the moon (lunacy), those who were insane from birth, due to careless and passionate sexual intercourse by the parents; witchcraft; and melancholy. Paracelsus also made it quite clear that spirits did not cause mental illness (Green, 2009).

Paracelcus v Therapies that he recommended included bleeding (which he considered to be the main thrust of treatment for mania), essences of gold, silver, iron, mercury, lead, pearls, coral, antimony, sapphire and sulphur (all alchemical remedies), opium, mandrake, astrological shielding to prevent lunacy, and the use of charms to treat those afflicted by witchcraft

Dr. Cameron v Discussed in text v McUltra

Pathways to Conceptualizations Kraeplin v Biological, disease processes, causes like viruses v DSM 1-5 and beyond v Current focus on symptom as entity v Lots of concern with reliability Freud v Psychological, underlying dynamics of person, personality, and environment v Psychoanalytic concepts v Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual

Alberta Insane Asylum, Ponoka 1911 British Columbia Public Hospital for the Insane, New Westminster 1878 British Columbia Mental Hospital, Coquitlam 1913 Manitoba Selkirk Asylum, Selkirk 1886 Home for Incurables, Portage-la-Prairie 1890 Brandon Asylum, Brandon 1891 New Brunswick Provincial Hospital, Saint John 1835 Provincial Lunatic Asylum 1848 Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Hospital for Insane, Halifax 1857

Ontario Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto 1850 Kingston Asylum (Rockwood), Kingston 1856 London Asylum, London 1859 Orillia Asylum for Idiots, Orillia 1861 Hamilton Asylum, Hamilton 1876 Mimico Branch Asylum, Mimico 1890 Hospital for Insane, Brockville 1894 Cobourg Asylum 1902 Penetanguishene Asylum, Penetanguishene 1904 Whitby Hospital, Whitby 1914 Prince Edward Island The Prince Edward Island Hospital for the Insane 1877

Quebec Quebec Lunatic Asylum, Beauport 1845 Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John’s 1861 L’Hospice St. Jean de Dieu, Longue Point 1856 L’Hospice St. Julien, St. Ferdinand d’Halifax 1873 L’Hospice Ste. Anne, Baie-St. Paul 1890 Protestant Hospital for the Insane, Verdun 1890 St. Benedict Joseph Asylum, near city of Montreal 1885 Saskatchewan The Saskatchewan Provincial Hospital, Battleford 1914 Newfoundland Asylum for the Insane, St. John’s 1855 Northwest Territory Taken to asylums of Alberta and Saskatchewan 1914 Yukon Taken to New Westminster by Royal Northwest Mounted Police 1877

Biomedical Therapies v ECT (started with Meduna) v Psychosurgery (started with Munoz; now called NMD: Neurosurgery for Mental Disorder) –Pre-frontal lobotomy –Transorbital leucotomy –Cingulotomy

Neurosurgery for Mental Disorders (NMD) v Refractory for other treatment v Informed consent v Not common v Only a few centres do NMD v Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation v Gamma Knife

v Symptom as Focus (Kraeplin) v Underlying Cause as Focus (Freud)