in the time of C. Julius Caesar

 made of wool  sleeveless  wide neck  Joe Roman Legionnaire - white tunic  Centurion - red tunic

 leather or linen  Joe Roman Legionnaire – plate cuirass (lorica hamata)  Officers – laminated or scaled cuirass(lorica squamata)  Circular plates of iron sewn onto leather or linen

 Torques (necklaces)  Armillae (armbands)  Phalerae (embossed discs worn on the corselet)  Corona

.4 feet long  Prevent neck opening from becoming dirty and prevent chafing of neck by body armor  Different colors could represent different legions or cohorts

 Fasciae (leg-swathings) – created specifically as a result of campaigning in Gaul › woolen pieces of cloth wrapped around legs and secured with leather thongs  Braccae – breeches of barbarians › later adopted by Roman Army › made of leather

 heavy, hob-nailed leather boots/sandals  ¾ inch thick  Cloth or fur stuffed inside

 Paenulae/ Cloak › Yellow-brown › Represented shades of undyed wool › Centurions may have worn red › wool  Paludamentum/ Cloak or Cape › Worn over the cuirass by military officers › draped over left shoulder and wound around left arm › Generals wore red cloaks

 Bronze with iron skull cap lined with leather or cloth  Small peak jutted out in front  Plate extended downwards at back to protect neck  Hinged cheek pieces at sides  No plume, but horsehair flowing out of top

 Four feet by two and a half feet  Rectangular/ Oval Shield with protruding boss  Wood, hide, and canvas glued/bound with iron and with an iron boss  Bore insignia of legion on outer face  Carried in left arm  Equipped with 2 leather straps

 Legionnaires carried 2 pila  2 types of pila (heavy and light)  Large iron head or blade  Hurled from the hand as a javelin or used like a bayonet used to beat down hostile attacks  Heavy, 7 foot, 1/3 iron spear

 Spanish sword  Short (about 22 inches long or 2 feet), straight, uniform width, double edged blade  Worn on right side on the cingulum (belt) or the balteus (baldric)  Leather or wooden scabbard, reinforced with leather at top and bottom  2 inch wide blade for stabbing  Bone handle  Iron blade

 Worn on right/ left side  Used for closest hand-to-hand conflict  Used in case of loss of sword  Used as a knife  Bulbous handle  Blade had long tip

 Employed by army  Bullets made of stone, baked clay, or lead

 Cornu – trumpet which curves around body  Tuba – straight trumpet flares gradually through whole length  Bucina – narrow, cylindrical, straight trumpet, flaring out only close to the bell  Lituus – trumpet with gentle curve

 3 types › Cornicines › Tubicines › Bucinares  Instruments made of bronze

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