Introduction to BGI Instruments Tom Merrifield BGI Instruments 58 Guinan St.,Waltham, MA 02451 T:+781 891-9380 info@bgiusa.com http://www.bgiusa.com

Introduction EPA has begun evaluation of PM2.5 Continuous Monitoring Candidate Instruments for AQI and new regulatory network to compliment manual FRM FEM Class III Equivalency procedures in 1997 CFR perceived as technically near-impossible, cost-prohibitive Draft changes to NAAQS for 2003 may allow use of continuous monitors for PM2.5 reporting to AIRS and AQI

U.S. EPA Ambient PM Timeline

EPA, State, Tribal and Local AQ Priorities New PMc Coarse Particulate Matter Network (PMc) PM10 - PM2.5 = PMc Develop continuous PM methods for AQI and AIRS Reduce labor costs May improve data quality & usefulness May increase public awareness Reference (FRMs) & Equivalent (FEMs) program remains a critical component of NAAQS

Methods for Ambient PM Sampling Reference method Gravimetric Filter collection & weighing (manual) Candidate equivalent method(s) Beta attenuation Harmonic Dampening(TEOM™ & Vibrating Crystal) Light scatter & extinction (photometer & COH)

EPA Designation Status Fine particulate monitor, model FPM PM10 Field trials completed. application and approval for PM10 June PM2.5 EPA OAQPS with CASAC proposing regional equivalency and data quality management for PM2.5

Model FPM Continuous PM Monitor – Pros High sensitivity, zero stability Short-term measurements Our goals Report hourly PM2.5 automatically for >7 days without site visit Little PM2.5 bias in relationship to FRM Similar operation and filter temperature like FRM Filter humidity controlled to < 45% with 8°C maximum overheat

Model FPM Continuous PM Monitor – Cons Interference of ambient humidity/artifacts Exempt quantity of beta energy No EPA approval for PM2.5 until June ‘03 No mass calibration or speciation Time interval of one hour or greater Cost of automation compared to manual FRM Electronic data collection complexity Validation of sample & data

Introduction to the BGI Model FPM BGI Model FPM (fine particulate matter monitor) PM2.5 Inlet with BGI Very Sharp Cut Cyclone (VSCC) PM2.5 concentration measured & reported on hourly and 24 hour average Continuous operation of six weeks Filter change hourly to prevent loss of semi-volatile particulate New generation of high sensitivity beta attenuation monitor (FPM BAM)

BGI FPM Sensitivity Precision Repeatability Active sample cycle ±1.5g/m3 Precision r2 > 0.90 to FRM Site factor (optional) Repeatability ± 2% Active sample cycle 56 minutes each hour 4-minute diagnostic test each hour

BGI Very Sharp Cut Cyclone Inlet 90-Day Operation between Maintenance

EPA Field Comparison of Candidate PM2.5 Continuous Monitors to FRM

FPM Outdoor Shelter Inlet Temperature- controlled shelter FRM design with VSCC 16.67 alpm Temperature- controlled shelter Backup data printer & error log Mass Foil standards Zero stability test High mass calibration

Model FPM Outdoor and Indoor Models

Calibration and Audit of FPM Manual use of factory span and zero calibration tools-recommended each calendar quarter or when filter tape changed Audit - Seasonal or annual comparison with FRM audit sampler. EPA agreement not final, but >0.85 r

Maintenance Requirements Six weeks change filter tape Validate flow rate, ambient temperature and barometric pressure sensors each six weeks Clean PM10 FRM Inlet and PM2.5 VSCC each 3 months Replace printer paper and printer cartridge each 3 months Rebuild vacuum pump each 18 months

Data Management & Collection FPM includes hard copy field printer with hourly concentration and min/max for 24 hour. Faults reported in red ink Analog output with 0-1 or 0-5 Volts DC which are scaled to concentration RS-232 Digital Download using FPM-230 software

FPM Applications Air Quality Index (AQI) New PM2.5 Continuous NAM/SLAMS Network Epidemiology & public health studies Hourly reports of PM2.5 concentrations Digital and analog data communication Cell phone compatible PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 inlet compatible Stand alone environmental shelter

NIST Traceable Volumetric Flow Rate, Temperature and Pressure Calibration/Audit Device for FRM and Continuous Ambient Monitors

Introduction Federal, state and local agencies require flow calibration and audits on all ambient particulate samplers and monitors Commercial claims of “primary flow” and “NIST traceability” are confusing New NIST traceable volumetric flow rate, ambient temperature and pressure field calibration/audit device developed, tested

Investigation Primary standard vs. flow transfer standard Requirements for field flow calibrator Current methods available How DeltaCal meets requirements

NIST Primary & EPA Flow Transfer Standards NIST primary flow calibration facility Colorado Engineering Experiment Station (CEESI) Titanium Vessels - gravimetric analysis standard Pressurized and weighed for volume. air flow measured through a NIST flow transfer Venturi Flow transfer standard Traceable Calibrator to NIST (CEESI) Primary CAlibrator CEESI NIST Primary Flow Standard Every other NIST traceable flow calibrator is a flow transfer standard that is traceable to this device

CEESI - NIST Primary Calibration Lab Temperature controlled room in an old missile silo in Colorado

Priorities of a Field Flow Calibrator NIST transfer standard, accuracy to < 2% Calibrator must be field usable to EPA FRM specs Insensitive to atmospheric conditions Calibrator should not add artificial pressure to sampler to interfere with electronic flow controller Portable & battery powered Direct reading of flow rate, ambient temperature, & barometric pressure RS232 calibration report-digital calibration report NIST Temp accuracy is 2oC , DeltaCal is certified to 0.5 oC NIST Flow 2%, DeltaCAl is certified to 1%, and ship at ½% NIST Pressure 5mmHg, DeltaCal ships at 2mmHg. Unit makes measurement, does calculations and displays volumetric flow rate.

“Flow Transfer Standard” Calibrators Bubble meter Gilibrator™ (wet) - (excellent for indoor use) Frictionless piston - (Not field hardened) Bios/DryCal/DC-Lite™ (dry)- 3% low bias Orifice- quartz tube - (sensitive to wind) Streamline/Chinook™ (dry) – adds system pressure, double of a Venturi Venturi- Delrin™ plastic - (field hardened with gust cap) BGI DeltaCal (dry) – flow, temperature & pressure

DeltaCal Calibration Kit Measurements Barometric pressure Ambient temperature Filter temperature Volumetric flow rate Digital output for recording and audit report Insensitive to weather

Schematic Diagram of DeltaCal

DeltaCal NIST Traceable Specifications Operable range –30 to 40C 2 to 20 aLPM (US FRM & Continuous PM) 10 to 50 aLPM (Europe) +/- 1% of NIST Temp sensor range –40 to 50C < +/- 0.5C Difference to NIST Pressure range 400-800mmHg < +/- 2mmHg of NIST

DeltaCal Computer Screen Display Historical record User configurable All readings in one display Auto resolution ASCII file export Flow statistics Also need to specifically define the data output. (download from deltaCal and see)… do we have the software? 7/12/02 Testing flows on an E-BAM portable particulate monitor.

BGI - NIST Traceable Flow Calibration Laboratory < Insert photo of BGI Test Bench >

Conclusions BGI DeltaCal is flow transfer standard traceable to NIST primary Meets all requirements Only field-hardened device with low pressure drop, includes wind gust cap Cost includes 4 measurements, rather than 1 Affordable annual calibration by single vendor US E.P.A. tested – exclusive for PEP QA program $120 per year