THE NEW REPUBLIC 1789-1816

INTRODUCTION QUESTION Which of the following statements do you most agree with (Circle One) Political parties are inevitable(unavoidable) in a republic. Political parties are necessary to main a free and open democracy. Political parties are divisive(troublesome) and destructive to national unity.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER What is the difference between an administration & a Cabinet? Administration – all members of the executive branch Cabinet - refers to heads of major departments who advise the President

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER What precedent did George Washington set for future Presidents? He formed a Cabinet of department heads to advise him. Department of State, Treasury, War, and Attorney General.

PRESIDENTIAL CABINET Vice President of the United States Department of State Department of the Treasury Department of Defense Department of Justice Department of the Interior Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Labor Department of Health and Human Services Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of Transportation Department of Energy Department of Education Department of Veterans Affairs Department of Homeland Security

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER If you were President, how would you pick your Cabinet?

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER What is a purpose of a tariff? Tariff = tax on imported goods To raise revenue for the government & encourage U.S. businesses by making foreign goods more expensive

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER What were the two economic problems facing the country in 1789? Debts & Instability

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER What are political parties? Organization of people that seeks to win elections & hold public office in order to shape government unity.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER How did Hamilton’s views (Federalist) affect his role as a Secretary of Treasury? He believed in a strong central government & pushed for greater federal influence over the economy.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER HAMILTON’S PLAN FOR RESTRUCTING THE DEBT ACTION RESULT LASTING LEGACY Pay foreign debt & interest in full Restore national credit Established U.S. as trustworthy Federal government assumes state debts Bring stability to country; stimulate economy Unified country Impose excise taxes & tariffs Pay debts & increase manufacturing Established precedent of nation its debts Create national bank & national currency Help government regulate economy & commerce; generate income through loans Created model on which today’s Federal Reserve System is based

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER Why do you think Antifederalist might be against a National Bank? It would give federal government control over the state banks.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER Why did Hamilton want to add to the national debt? He wanted to stabilize the economy first, which required increasing the debt to pay off earlier debt and give the nation financial credibility. National Debt: http://www.brillig.com/debt_clock/

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER Which side did Congress support – Jefferson’s or Hamilton’s? Alexander Hamilton

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER Why did Washington support Hamilton’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion? Washington believed that the federal government needed to demonstrate that it would uphold the law.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER How did the Whiskey Rebellion influence the creation of political parties? Political groups called Democratic Societies had supported the rebellion. These clubs became the basis for the Democratic Republican Party.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER What were the first American political parties? Federalists & Democratic Republicans Who were the leaders? Federalists: John Adams & Alexander Hamilton Democratic Republicans: Thomas Jefferson & James Madison

The New Republic (1789-1816) Two-Party System Emerges FEDERALISTS Led by Alexander Hamilton/John Adams Strong central government Base economy on industry & trade Pro-British Loose construction of Constitution

The New Republic (1789-1816) Two-Party System Emerges DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS Led by Thomas Jefferson/James Madison States should have more power Economy based on farming Pro-French Strict construction of Constitution

The New Republic (1789-1816) How did the debate over the role of government lead to the formation of political parties? Divided over issues of how much power federal government should have. Federalists – strong central govt. Democratic-Republicans – states should have the power

The New Republic (1789-1816) The Struggle Over Foreign Policy NATIVE AMERICANS Battle of Fallen Timbers Federal troops defeated Native Americans Treaty of Greenville – gave Ohio to U.S. government & opened Northwest Territory to settlement

The New Republic (1789-1816) The Struggle Over Foreign Policy BRITISH British provided arms to Native Americans; opposed U.S. expansion Britain & France at war in 1793 U.S. too weak & dependent on Britain for trade; REMAINED NEUTRAL

The New Republic (1789-1816) The Struggle Over Foreign Policy FRENCH U.S. too weak; REMAINED NEUTRAL Democratic Republicans favored French Revolution Federalists did NOT support French Revolution

The New Republic (1789-1816) Who was Little Turtle? Native American military leaders. Won battles against U.S. forces in the 1790s

The New Republic (1789-1816 Why was Battle of Fallen Timbers significant? Opened Northwest Territory to U.S. settlement

The New Republic (1789-1816) How did the British encourage conflict in the Northwest Territory? Provided arms & ammunitions to Native American groups

The New Republic (1789-1816) Why did the British want to limit U.S. settlement in the area? British hoped to regain control of the land

The New Republic (1789-1816) What was the French Revolution? Republican uprising Against the French Monarchy; began in 1789

The New Republic (1789-1816) Federalists: Opposed; revolution out to destroy religion & social order Afraid Democratic Republicans could do the same

The New Republic (1789-1816) DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS Supported but not violence

The New Republic (1789-1816) On what did the two parties agree? Stay neutral in war between Britain & France

The New Republic (1789-1816) How did the views on the French Revolution reflect the philosophies of the parties? Federalists: Strong central government Revolutionaries had no respect for order Stability

The New Republic (1789-1816) How did the views on the French Revolution reflect the philosophies of the parties? Democratic Republicans: Weak central government Protect human rights Distrust of strong government