 After the Constitution was written, our Founding Fathers will face a huge task in making the new gov’t work.  Political parties will emerge.  Manufacturing will take a stronger role in the American economy. #1 Why It Matters 1/2

 People begin to move westward.  The U.S. will become a dominant player in the Americas. #1 Why It Matters 2/2

 Our nation’s leaders still follow the precedents set by our Founding Fathers.  Politicians operate within a party system.  The U.S. is one of the leading economic & military powers in the world. #2 The Impact Today

 Became 1 st president under the Constitution on Apr. 30, 1789  Did not want job  John Adams – 1 st VP  Set many precedents that are still followed  Called “Mr. President” #3 President Washington 1/2

 1 st Cabinet  Sec. of State – Thomas Jefferson  Sec. of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton  Sec. of War – Henry Knox  Attorney General – Edmund Randolph #3 President Washington 2/2

 Created a federal court system  13 District Courts  3 Circuit Courts  SC given final authority on all court matters  John Jay – 1 st SC Chief Justice #4 Judiciary Act of 1789

 U.S. faced a growing nat’l debt in its early years  GW left it up to his Sec. of Treasury (Hamilton) to deal w/ the issue  Hamilton’s Plan  Gov’t will pay off debt owed to citizens & other nations  Gov’t will assume states’ debts #5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan 1/3

 Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan  Bonds  Gov’t issued bonds during Am. Rev.  Speculators bought these bonds  Under Hamilton’s Plan, speculators would become rich  States’ Debt  South had less debt than North  Under Hamilton’s Plan, South would pay more #5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan 2/3

 Compromise  Nation’s capital will be moved to the South  Will become Washington, D.C.  South will support plan #5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan 3/3

 In order to strengthen the economy, Hamilton proposed:  A nat’l bank (the Bank of the U.S.)  A protective tariff on imports  Nat’l taxes  Ideas were opposed by Jefferson & Madison #6 National Economy

 Occurred due to farmers in western PA refusing to pay taxes on whiskey imposed on them by Hamilton  Washington led troops to squash the rebellion  Results of Rebellion:  Nat’l gov’t was powerful  If citizens wanted to change a law, they had to do it peacefully #7 Whiskey Rebellion

 GW wanted US to stay out of foreign affairs  Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) – GW’s attempt to keep US neutral  Jay’s Treaty – GW’s attempt to stay out of war w/ GB  Pinckney’s Treaty – gave US right to navigate the Mississippi R. & to New Orleans #8 Washington’s Foreign Issues

 Served 2 terms ( )  Precedent  Decided not to seek 3 rd term of office in 1796  Washington’s Farewell Address  Warned about:  Dangers of political parties  Alliances w/ foreign countries  Sectionalism  Influenced US foreign policy for over 100 yrs. #9 Washington FINALLY Retires!

 By 1796, Americans disagreed on many things  Philosophies of gov’t  Interpretation of the Constitution  Economy  Foreign affairs  Led to 2 groups being formed #10 Creation of Political Parties 1/3

 Federalists  Leader – A. Hamilton  Beliefs  Strong nat’l gov’t  Loose interpretation of Constitution  Rule by wealthy  Nat’l bank  Alliance w/ Britain  Supported by NE & plantation owners in South #10 Creation of Political Parties 2/3

 Democratic-Republicans  Leader – T. Jefferson  Beliefs  Strong state gov’ts  Strict interpretation of Constitution  Rule by the people  State banks  Alliance w/ France  Supported by small farmers in Mid-Atlantic & South #10 Creation of Political Parties 3/3

 1 st election candidates ran as members of a political party  Fed. – John Adams (P); Charles Pinckney (VP)  D-R – Thomas Jefferson (P); Aaron Burr (VP)  Election Results  Adams wins Pres.  Jefferson becomes VP #11 Election of 1796

 XYZ Affair  Event in which Charles de Talleyrand, the French foreign minister, sent agents (X, Y, & Z) to obtain a bribe from the U.S. in order for the French to stop seizing American ships  Led to:  The creation of the U.S. Navy  A “Quasi-War” w/ France #12 Adams’ Presidency 1/4

 Alien & Sedition Acts  Passed to protect the nation’s security  Acts  Alien Act – allowed president to imprison or remove aliens from the country  Sedition Act – made it a crime to say negative things about the gov’t  Naturalization Act – required aliens to wait 14 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship #12 Adams’ Presidency 2/4

 Alien & Sedition Acts (cont.)  Results of Acts  Discouraged immigration  Forced aliens to leave  People were jailed for saying their opinions about the gov’t #12 Adams’ Presidency 3/4

 Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions  Written by Jefferson & Madison  Claimed Alien & Sedition Acts were unconstitutional  Proposed nullification – idea that a state could legally overturn federal laws they deemed unconstitutional  Established theory of states’ rights #12 Adams’ Presidency 4/4