The Gas Giant Planets. Jupiter Origin of name: From the king of the gods, Zeus or Jupiter.

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Presentation transcript:

The Gas Giant Planets

Jupiter

Origin of name: From the king of the gods, Zeus or Jupiter

Orbit: Radius 5.20 AU [period 11.9 yr, eccentricity 0.05]. from space, its moons look like a complex miniature solar system.

Size: 11.2 Earth radii, 318 Earth masses More mass than all the other planets together Low density

Composition Mostly H 2 (70%) Dense core Surrounding layer of liquid metallic hydrogenmetallic hydrogen

Thin ring system

Magnetic field 14 times stronger than Earth's Filled with energetic charged particles emitting radio waves Deformed by the solar wind, has a long tail extending beyond the orbit of Saturn!

Jupiter’s atmosphere page/index.php?file=P0413jupispot page/index.php?file=P0413jupispot tml tml

Great red spot A thunderstorm larger than Earth At least 300 years old

Moons At least 63 4 large moons called the Galilean moons, discovered by Galileo

Io, Io Europa, Europa Ganymede (largest moon in Solar System, larger than Mercury) Callisto. Callisto

Io

Europa

Ganymede

Callisto

TJU&feature=related TJU&feature=related

Saturn

Distance of 9.5 A.U. from Earth 95 Earth masses 9.4 Earth radii

Atmosphere Hydrogen (94%) Small amounts of helium (6%) and methane

school-saturn.html school-saturn.html

Cassini –Huygens spacecraft

Saturn’s rings Made of particles and water ice

Saturn’s Moons 50 known moons (the most recent ones announced in 2005) Pan (20 km in diameter) Titan

Seen by Huygens in 1655 Bigger than Mercury Thick atmosphere (with N, Ar, methane, ammonia, and 470 mph winds!) May have lakes of liquid methane and pre-life conditions

ndex.html

Uranus

Discovered by William Hershel in 1781

Almost 20 AU from the Sun 4 times the Earth's size 29 known moons, likely more Atmosphere is mostly H and He Thin ring system

school-uranus.html

Neptune

first planet found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation (1846)empirical observation Urbain Le Verrier

Orbit: Radius about 30 AU More distant than Pluto 4 times the Earth's size 17 times the mass Smaller and more massive than Uranus.

Atmosphere 80% hydrogenhydrogen 19% heliumhelium Trace of methane

Great Dark Spot

1. Upper atmosphere, top clouds. 2. Atmosphere consisting of hydrogen, helium, and methane gas. 3. Mantle consisting of water, ammonia, and methane ices. 4. Core consisting of rock (silicates and nickel-iron).

13 known moons Proteus Triton

school-neptune.html

Pluto Not visible with the naked eye Predicted in the 1800‘s Observed in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh

Named by Venetia Phair

Pluto and its largest moon, Charon, are sometimes treated as a binary systemCharonbinary system

Pluto's orbit is highly inclined relative to the ecliptic (over 17°) and highly eccentric (elliptical)inclinedeccentricelliptical

Pluto from Hubble

Kuiper belt

Home to at least three dwarf planets – Pluto, Haumea, and Makemakedwarf planetsPluto HaumeaMakemake 70,000+ objects over 100 km (62 mi) in diameter

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