Lesson 2 (pages 76-77) Tensions grew between Creeks who lived as Indians and those who adopted the ways of the settlers. Chief Tecumseh was a great orator and urged the Indians to keep the traditions and ways of their people.

Lesson 2 (pages 78-79) Creek War of The Creeks were divided. Some Creeks (Red Sticks) wanted _____. William Weatherford or “Red Eagle” was among their leaders. Others (White Sticks) wanted _____. They were joined by the Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians. The Creek War began with a fight at ____ ____ ____.

Lesson 2 (pages 80-81) The Fort Mims massacre occurred when William Weatherford or “Red Eagle” led the Red Sticks in an attack that begun as the settlers were eating _____. Approximately 250 died at Fort Mims.

Lesson 2 (pages 82-83) The Choctaw Indians promised “perpetual peace & friendship” to the Americans after they won their Independence. They helped out the Americans during the Creek War. Pushmataha was a strong leader of the Choctaw Indians.

Lesson 2 (page 84) The Canoe Fight in the Middle of the Alabama River.. 3 members of local militia saw 9 painted Indians in a large war canoe coming down the river, so they jumped into a small canoe and paddled out. The men and Indians fought hand to hand. The Indians lost and 4 men became heroes.

Lesson 2 (page 85) Fall of 1813—Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, White Stick Creeks, and Andrew Jackson with his militia, The Tennessee Volunteers, joined to fight the Red Sticks. Jackson & The Volunteers destroyed the village of Tallaseehatchee. Chief Pushmataha’s Choctaw warriors attacked Holy Ground and defeated the Indians.

Lesson 2 (page 86) The Red Sticks never received all the arms & ammunition promised by Spain and Great Britain. Under the leadership of Chief Menewa, they gathered at a small bend on the Tallapoosa River. General Jackson saw their position and said “they have penned themselves up for slaughter.”

Lesson 2 (page 86) On March 27, 1814, General Jackson closed in on the fortified position. Cherokee Indians swam the river and destroyed the Creek canoes to prevent escape. Chief Menewa and his warriors were trapped in the horseshoe. The battle lasted all day and it was said that the river ran red with blood for hours afterward.

Lesson 2 (pages 86-87) More than 800 warriors were killed. Chief Menewa was badly wounded and somehow managed to escape. American losses were very light. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend was the last battle of the Creek War.

Lesson 2 (page 88) William Weatherford or “Red Eagle” was a leader of the Red Sticks. He tried to stop the massacre at Fort Mims but his followers would not listen to him so he left. After the battle at Horseshoe Bend some Indians who survived began to suffer from hunger and exposure. To save his people, he surrendered to General Andrew Jackson.

Lesson 2 (page 89) Andrew Jackson’s victory over the Creeks and the battle of Horseshow Bend made Jackson an American Hero. He and his wife raised a baby they found at the Battle of Tallaseehatchee. He later became president of the United States.

Lesson 2 (page 90) After the war, Alabama Indians ceded more land to the United States. The Indian way of life had changed; there was less deer trading because white traders were not honest in their dealings. When Andrew Jackson was president of the U.S. tribal Indians were removed from their lands in Alabama. They were forced to move to Oklahoma Territory to live on reservations. Their march away from their Alabama land and homes is called the Trail of Tears.