Emotions in Organizations: A Multilevel Perspective Neal M. Ashkanasy, PhD Eighteenth Annual Meeting of ANZAM

page 29/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Emotion at five levels of organization Ashkanasy, N. M. (2003). Emotions in organizations: A multilevel perspective. In F. Dansereau and F. J. Yammarino (Eds.), Research in multi-level issues, vol. 2: Multi-level issues in organizational behavior and strategy (pp ). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science

page 39/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Level 1: Within-person variation in emotion Affective Events theory (Weiss & Cropanzano, 1996) Work Events Daily hassles Daily uplifts Work Events Daily hassles Daily uplifts Experienced Emotions Positive emotions Negative emotions Experienced Emotions Positive emotions Negative emotions Work Attitudes Job satisfaction Loyalty Commitment Work Attitudes Job satisfaction Loyalty Commitment Affect-driven Behaviors Impulsive acts Spontaneous helping Transient effort Affect-driven Behaviors Impulsive acts Spontaneous helping Transient effort Personal Dispositions Trait affect Emotional intelligence Personal Dispositions Trait affect Emotional intelligence Judgment-driven Behaviors Quitting Anti- or pro-social behaviors Productive work Judgment-driven Behaviors Quitting Anti- or pro-social behaviors Productive work Work Environment Nature of the job Requirement for emotional labor Work Environment Nature of the job Requirement for emotional labor

page 49/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Neuropsychological Basis of Emotion

page 59/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Level 2: State and trait mood

page 69/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Level 2: Emotional Intelligence The ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth (Mayer & Salovey, 1997) nDifferentiated from personality measures on theoretical basis nDifferentiated from impression management by emotion focus nCapable of being changed

page 79/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Level 3: Communicating emotion Zygomatic Major Obicularis Oculi

page 89/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Level 3: Emotional labor  The “work” of emotion  Ref. Hochschild: The Managed Heart  Effects on wellbeing  Effects on performance  Within the organization  At the customer interface

page 99/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Some Recent research 1.A study of emotion in the board room … with Jean Altohoff 2.Follower perceptions of their leader … with Marie Dasborough 3.Emotional intelligence and follower perceptions … with Marie Dasborough

page 109/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Level 3, 4: Emotion in the Boardroom Jean Althoff  Participants answer to a newspaper ad, and complete the MSCEIT ( an ability-based test of emotional intelligence)  Participants view a realistic movie of a boardroom meeting (“About face”)  … then rate still frames of the board members’ emotional expressions …

page 119/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 What Emotion is this?

page 129/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Results of boardroom study  Females more accurate then males  … but it’s all explained in terms of emotional intelligence – females are more emotionally intelligent than men  Males and females base their recognition on different mechanisms  Females base recognition on perception  Males base recognition on understanding

page 139/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Level 4: Emotion in Leadership Marie Dasborough  Participants: 147 Australian undergraduates  Step 1:Mood manipulation (movies)  Step 2:View “charismatic” leader’s speech  Step 3:Receive “I” or “we” from the leader (in the video)  Step 4:Measure attribution to manipulative or sincere intentions.  Step 5:Measure emotional reaction  Step 5:Labeling of the leader and willingness to comply with the leader’s request

page 149/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Follower Perceptions of Leader Influence Negative emotional reaction Leader Influence behavior Follower’s Intention to comply with the request Follower attribution of manipulative intent Positive emotional reaction Labeling of the leader as “authentic” and trustworthy - - The “dark side” of charismatic leadership? CFI =.91, RMSEA =.06

page 159/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Emotional intelligence and follower perceptions  High emotional intelligence  More accurate perception of emotion  More understanding of emotion  Better control of emotional reactions  Low emotional intelligence  Less accurate perception of emotion  Less understanding of emotion  Worse control of emotional reactions

page 169/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Level 5: Culture and climate  “Emotional Climate” (De Reviera)  “Climate of Fear” (Ashkanasy & Nicholson, 2003)  Emotional antecedents ofculture  The “emotionally healthy” organization (Ashkanasy & Daus, 2002)

page 179/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 On-going Research  Grant, Sponsored by the Australian Research Council (in conjunction with the Military Family Research Institute, Purdue University).  Projects:  Affective events and leadership  Group-Level effects and affective climate  AET and employee performance in the organizational and social context

page 189/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Related activities  “Emonet”  Active discussion group  Affiliated with the Academy of Management  Web page  to  Conferences nFirst conference in San Diego, 1998 nSecond Conference in Toronto, 2000 nThird Conference at the Gold Coast, Australia, 2002 nFourth Conference in London, June 2004 nFifth Conference in Atlanta, August 2006 n“Caucuses” at Academy of Management meetings in odd-numbered years

page 199/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Key Publications  Journal of Organizational Behavior Special Edition (March, 2000, with C. Fisher)  Human Performance Special Issue (June, 2004)  Edited Books (with C. Härtel and W. Zerbe, based on – but not limited to - the best conference papers).  Emotions in the Workplace, Quorum, 2000  Managing Emotions in the Workplace, ME Sharpe, 2002  Emotion in Organizational Behavior, Erlbaum, 2004

page 209/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 New Elsevier Book Series  Research on Emotion in Organizations  Publisher: Elsevier Science, Oxford  Based on conference papers + invited papers  Volume 1  Editors: Ashkanasy, Zerbe, Härtel  “Affect and its effects in organizational settings”  Publication in June/July, 2005  Volume 2  Editors: Zerbe, Ashkanasy, Härtel  “Displaying and managing emotions in organizations”  Publication in April, 2006

page 219/17/2015 Ashkanasy ANZAM Keynote, December, 2004 Conclusions  Extension of Ashforth and Humphrey’s call for more focus on emotion in organizations.  Emotion is emerging as a key management and leadership skill.  Understanding of emotion is based on knowledge of basic processes.  Emotion as a source of future research opportunity.  New Elsevier Book Series