1-1 Leadership - Individual Behavior -

1-2 Individuals in the Organization ●Psychological contract –Set of expectations about what a person will give and get –Contributions – what the person gives –Inducements – what the org offers/provides  Tangible and intangible, examples? –If there’s a perceived imbalance, one side will initiate a change ●Person-job fit –Consider individual differences –Perceived values change over time (e.g. promotion)

1-3 Personality Types Myers - Briggs ●Based on Carl Jung ●Differentiates on 4 dimensions –Extraversion/Intraversion –Sensing/Intuition –Thinking/Feeling –Judging/Perceiving ●Very popular tool ●Used for career advising ●Take the test

1-4 Other Personality Traits ●Locus of control –Degree one believes that their behavior has effect on what happens to them ●Self-efficacy –Belief about one’s capabilities to do the work ●Machiavellianism –Behavior aimed at gaining power and control ●Self-esteem –Extent to which one believes one is worthwhile ●Risk propensity –Willingness to take risks

1-5 Emotional Intelligence, EQ ●Emotional vs. Intelligence Quotient ●Measures –Self-awareness –Managing emotions –Self motivation –Empathy –Social skills

1-6 Attitudes and Behavior ●Components –Affective  Feelings and emotions towards a situation  “I don’t like…” –Cognitive  Attitude derived from knowledge of situation  “This is the worst…” –Intentional  Expected behavior in the situation  “I will never…”, “I’m going to …”

1-7 Attitudes and Behavior ●Cognitive dissonance –When one has conflicting pieces of “knowledge”  E.g. World will end but it doesn’t –One then works to reduce the dissonance ●Positive affectivity –Tendency to be positive –“glass half full” person ●Negative affectivity –Tendency to be negative –“glass half empty” person

1-8 Perception and Behavior ●Selective perception –Bias in perceiving ●Stereotyping –Labeling people based upon one attribute ●Attribution –Attributing causes to behavior ●Halo Effect

1-9 Personality Types ●Type A – extremely competitive, high urgency ●Type B – less competitive, less urgency

1-10 Stress ●Causes –Task demands –Role demands –Physical demands –Interpersonal demands ●Body’s reaction –Fight or flight ●Consequences –Physical and emotional –Burnout

1-11 Creativity ●Creative process –Preparation –Incubation –Insight  Bed, bath, bus ●Many businesses look to cultivate creativity

1-12 Workplace Behaviors ●Performance behaviors –What company expects employees to display –E.g. produce N parts, develop new technology ●Withdrawal behaviors –Absenteeism –Turnover –“Retired but forgot to tell the company”