Sexuality

Interactional Sex community Clans Siblings Family talk

Organizational Marriage groupings Family hierarchies

Economic Family

Sexual Masculine vs Feminine characteristics Biological sex Social sex (gender)

Territorial Areas assigned to individuals because of their gender Areas assigned to individuals because of their sex Where sexual activity occurs

Temporal Time assigned to people on the basis of their sex When sexual activity begins (age) or stops

Instructional Teaching and learning sex roles

Recreational Sexual activity as play Type of play based on gender differentiation Type of play based on sexual differentiation Participation in recreation by sex

Protective Protection of sex and fertility

Exploitational Use of sex/gender Decoration Adornment

Sexuality in Intercultural Relationships Heteronormativity The assumption that heterosexuality is the only normal, natural and universal form of sexuality. Heterosexism An ideological system that denies and denigrates any nonheterosexual behavior, identity or community. What challenges do intercultural gay, lesbian, bi, trans and queer relationships face? International, intercultural glbt relationships?

Culture and the workplace  Geert Hofstede – sampled 100,000 IBM employees  Compared employee attitudes and values across 40 countries  Isolated 4 dimensions summarizing culture: 1. Power distance 2. Individualism vs. collectivism 3. Uncertainty avoidance 4. Masculinity vs. feminity

Power Distance -- (Hofstede)  Degree of social inequality considered normal by people  Distance between individuals at different levels of a hierarchy  Scale: from equal (small power distance) to extremely unequal (large power distance)

Individualism Vs. Collectivism (Hofstede)  Degree to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals rather than in groups  Describes the relations between the individual and his/her fellows

Uncertainty Avoidance (Hofstede)  Degree of need to avoid uncertainty about the future  Degree of preference for structured versus unstructured situations Structured situations: have tight rules may or may not be written down  High uncertainty avoidance: people with more nervous energy (vs easy-going), rigid society, "what is different is dangerous."

Masculinity Vs. Femininity (Hofstede)  Division of roles and values in a society  Masculine values prevail: assertiveness, success, competition  Feminine values prevail: quality of life, maintenance of warm personal relationships, service, care for the weak, solidarity