Oct 2009 – Hervé PERO, European Commission VLVvT 09 Athens meeting The EU and Global issues

Basics of the development of the European Research Area The ERA concept combines: a European "internal market" for research, where researchers, technology and knowledge freely circulate; an effective European-level coordination of national and regional research activities, programmes and policies; initiatives implemented and funded jointly.

World-class research infrastructures Key element of the Lund declaration adopted on 8 July 09 -Essential for Europe’s researchers to stay at the forefront of research development -Key component of Europe’s competitiveness in “frontier” research Key Challenges: - Overcoming fragmentation in Europe - Coping with increasing costs / complexity - Improving efficiency of (and access to) research infrastructures services, incl. e-infrastructures

Political willingness to develop RIs of pan-European (and international) interest… Critical mass (scale & scope) to raise attractiveness of ERA… Europe faces two main challenges… … but there is NO « one size fits all » solution

RIs of pan-European interest require professional management throughout their life-cycle (from preparation to decommissioning). This entails a wide range of activities as RIs not only provide access to highly sophisticated equipment; they also train people, participate in technology development, and may be responsible for establishing standard operation procedures Extract of the 2007 ERA expert group

This is even more true if we want an ‘eco-system’ of Research Infrastructures within ERA a)Large (single-sited) facilities b)Distributed European Facilities c)Network of national facilities Based on a)a consistent roadmap from the European stakeholders b)Links with universities & schools c)Network of industrial suppliers / users

Support given by FP7 Research Infrastructures action Existing infrastructures Design studies New infrastructures Construction ( Preparatory phase; implementation phase) Integrating activities e-Infrastructures ESFRI Roadmap Policy development / Programme implementation ( call FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES )

Physical Sciences and Engineering SPIRAL2 PRINS ELI SKA CTA E-ELT KM3NeT FAIR 8 projects Links with other ESFRI projects, such as EMSO…

Design Study: EC contribution €5 million  45 months (end Oct. 2009), total costs ~ M€ 17.6)  Design for a cubic-kilometre sized deep-sea neutrino telescope (evaluation of procedures for assembly and construction; models for operation and maintenance) Preparatory phase: EC contribution €9 million  48 months (end Feb. 2012), total costs ~ M€ 13)  Towards a pan European facility; legal, governance and financial engineering; international networking; integration with regional and global marine and environmental systems (in particular EMSO) EC support to KM3NeT

1) The Preparatory Phase help mainly facilitating pooling of resources for new research infrastructures Inclusion in Specific RTD Programme(s) Inclusion in REGIO / DG DEV strategic plans Stakeholders incl. EIROs Member States Inclusion in national Programmes Projects European Commission EIB RSFF Up to now 34 ESFRI projects are supported+ 10 to come… Construction + operational costs !

New Research Infrastructures current Preparatory phases MoUs between Member States?

2) Integrating Activity also help the development of critical mass, distributed facilities all over Europe l Collaboration of existing research infrastructures l Three types of obligatory activities èNetworking Activities èTrans-national Access and/or Service Activities èJoint Research Activities EC funds ~250 M€/y 2,5% of EU needs About 300 RIs supported under FP

Integrating activities Targeted approach lThe three next FP7 calls address defined topics, focusing on strategic priorities lWith topics for the potential follow-up of projects and with topics for the opening to new communities lMore topics than can be funded to ensure competition lFunding scheme: CP-CSA (combination of ‘collaborative project’ & ‘coordination and support actions’) See (within call 2010, closing 3 Dec 2009) topic 34: RIs for dark matter search, neutrinos, gravitational waves)

e-Infrastructures interconnecting communities Call closing on November 24, 2009

Distribution of projects per scientific domain and activity (FP7, up to 2009, 687 M€) 236 M€ 174 M€ 111 M€ 76 M€ 29 M€46 M€ 10 M€ 5 M€

Global issues? Vision?

Vision: the renaissance of Europe A fully integrated, consistent, efficient eco- system of Research Infrastructures, serving researchers in all S&T fields Based on European wide e-infrastructures Research Infrastructures as knowledge industry for the knowledge society and source of attraction for world scientists

Vision: the storm Other regions (world) have become much more attractive than Europe for researchers European research actions are loosing its scientific and technological relevance In addition, knowledge generated for years by European researchers is being exploited through the www. by others

Another way - more proactive - is to present key factors affecting the vision, e.g. Capacity (or not) to develop a favorable environment for EU research (not just national) Capacity (or not) to strengthen relations with education and with industry Capacity (or not) to work together to face increasingly complex problems / costly solutions Capacity (or not) to to face research internationalization

Capacity (or not) to develop a favorable environment for EU research (not just national)

Overall environment Efficiency of Research Infrastructures at the centre of the knowledge triangle relate to a favourable environment ResearchEducation Innovation Research infrastructures Knowledge «industry» Impacts much broader (and may be more important for decision makers) than just scientific ones!

Recent entry into force of ERIC (Aug 09) Based on art. 171 EC Treaty, that allows the Community to set up European entities necessary for efficient execution of Community RTD programmes The regulation provides an easy-to-use legal tool: … having legal personality recognized in all MS … having a spirit of a truly European venture … being flexible enough (one size doesn’t fit all) … with some privileges / exemptions New Research Infrastructures a new Community legal framework

Capacity (or not) to strengthen relations with education and with industry

Positive evolution as shown by the number of RIs supported for Transnational Access at EU level (per scientific domain) FP7 ( ) Total for FP7: 575 (estim.)

… and increased used of RIs for training of scientists and engineers as shown by the evolution of non-publication related access within a major EU synchrotron (ELETTRA) during the last 10 years EU enlargement

… but a problem of overall funding as shown by the evolution of the budget related to transnational access related actions from FP2 to FP7

Capacity (or not) to work together to face increasingly complex problems costly solutions

the researcher doesn’t need to bother how the information infrastructure works… The Body of Knowledge Creation Archival Access Virtual Research Environment Information Infrastructure Acknowledgement: e-IRG 2007 Example Computation, curation

Acquisition and Ingest ca. 42% Archival Storage & Preservation....ca. 23% Access ca.35% Ability to integrate research infrastructures (distributed RIs) as well as RIs and e-infrastructures? Content Preservation Bit-stream Preservation Metadata Creation Access IngestAcquisition Creation or Purchase … but needs to work within a consistent information infrastructure to avoid wasting money later on…

Capacity (or not) to face research internationalization

Pan European RIs to interact at all levels ! KM3NeT National/Regional initiatives (Antares, Nemo, Nestor…) in EU International cooperation (IceCube…) Europe (Aspera, EMSO PP, EuroSites CP…), Structural Funds… Challenges: technological, scientific, political (ERA, nat. priorities) Global projects?

32 We need a more research and innovation intensive, integrated and attractive E uropean R esearch A rea Excellent Research Attracts How should KM3Net help contributing to an efficient Research Infrastructure eco-system?