RADIATION SAFETY ORIENTATION COURSE

Ionizing Radiation - can deposit energy in neighboring atoms resulting in the removal of electrons. NUCLEAR RADIATION X-RADIATION

Ionization of an Atom

BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION

1 ROENTGEN (R) = 2.58 X coulombs kg 1 RAD (RAD) = 100 ergs per gram 1 REM (REM = 1 RAD X Q factor Q factors gamma & beta = 1 thermal n = 2 fast n = 10 alpha = 20 FOR GAMMA & BETA RADIATION 1 ROENTGEN » 1 RAD » 1 REM

HALF LIFE Time 1 ½ Half Life is the length of time it takes for a amount of radioactive material to decay to one half it’s original amount.

DECAY EQUATION A t = A 0 e - A t = activity at time t A 0 = activity at time 0 t ½ = isotope half life t = time from t ½ ( ) t

ENVIRONMENTALSOURCES OF OF RADIATION RADIATION COSMIC EARTHPEOPLE

Consumer Products

MEDICAL USES OF MEDICAL USES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND AND RADIATION RADIATION

POTENTIAL LATENT BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DUE TO CHRONIC RADIATION EXPOSURE RADIATION EXPOSURE GENETICCANCER

ACUTE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DUE TO RADIATION EXPOSURE X-RAY / GAMMA EXPOSURE EXPOSURE BETA EXPOSURE

TO MINIMIZE YOUR RADIATION EXPOSURE TO MINIMIZE YOUR RADIATION EXPOSURE A S L OW A S R EASONABLY A CHIEVABLE ALARA YOU WILL PRACTICE PRINCIPLES

EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS TIMEDISTANCESHIELDING

TIME THE SHORTER THE TIME EXPOSED TO RADIATION, THE SMALLER THE RADIATION DOSE RECEIVED.

DISTANCE AS YOU INCREASE THE DISTANCE FROM THE RADIATION SOURCE, THE RADIATION LEVELS DECREASE. FOR A POINT SOURCE : mR/hr 1 mR/hr 2 mR/hr 1 mR/hr 2 (distance 2 ) 2 (distance 1 ) 2 = INVERSE SQUARE LAW

Distance

SHIELDING

Biological Effects

Whole Body5000 millirem/yr Lens of Eye15000 millirem/yr Skin50000 millirem/yr Extremity50000 millirem/yr Minors10% of Adult Embryo/Fetus500 millirem 100 millirem/yr

AUDIO RESET SELECT CALIBRATION BATTERIES METER RESPONSE PROBE

Lab Hygiene

Act like your Mother is Watching

Preparation Designate and label areas for working with radioactive material Label all containers with a radioactive material label and specify the isotope No eating, drinking or smoking in the laboratory No mouth pipetting of radioactive material

Conducting the Research Use spill trays and absorbent covering Use fume hoods for handling potentially volatile material Wear laboratory coat, disposable gloves, and laboratory safety glasses Use gloves appropriate for the chemicals to be handled

Post Research Monitor and decontaminate surfaces as described in Chapter 7 of the Radiation Safety Manual Dispose of radioactive waste in waste containers in accordance with Appendix G in the Radiation Safety Manual. Ensure the container is labeled with a "Radioactive Material" label and specify the radioisotope in the container.

DESIGNATE AND LABEL RADIOACTIVE WORK AREAS LABEL ALL CONTAINERS AND ITEMS POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED

Contamination Limits Swipe test results Laboratory Areas < 1000 DPM per 100 square cm Unrestricted Areas (everywhere else) < 200 DPM per 100 square cm

PERFORM MONTHLY SURVEYS  MAINTAIN THE SECURITY OF ISOTOPES, INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE WASTE

Door between Food and Radiation

METHODS OF CONTAMINATION CONTROL 1. GLOVES 2. LAB COATS OR APRONS 3. DECONTAMINATE 4. FUME HOODS 5. GLOVE BOX 6. PROTECTIVE SUITS

PERSONALEXPOSUREMONITORING EXTERNAL INTERNAL

INTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS CONTAINMENT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BIOASSAY PROGRAM

BIOASSAY INTERNAL RADIATION MONITORING I-131 & I-125 H-3, C-14, S-35, P-32

PRENATAL RADIATION RADIATION EXPOSURE EXPOSURE The University of Kentucky limits the dose to an embryo or fetus during the entire pregnancy, due to occupational exposure of a declared pregnant woman, to 500 millirem.

DECLARATION OF PREGNANCY IN WRITING TO THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICER WILL LOWER THE DOSE TO THE FETUS TO 5OO MILLIREM FOR THE TERM OF THE PREGNANCY

EMERGENCY RESPONSE NOTIFY THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE WHEN: A CONTAMINATION EVENT INVOLVES PERSONNEL A SPILL IS GREATER THAN ~100 MICROCURIES RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ARE MISSING (INCLUDING WASTE) FIRE, EXPLOSION, OR OTHER INCIDENT COULD SPREAD CONTAMINATION IN A RADIATION LAB