Water

Unit Map Set Up (Warm-up) Unit Name: Water Unit Name: Water Unit Essential Question: Why is water important and why should we conserve it? Unit Essential Question: Why is water important and why should we conserve it?

Unit Map Cont’d Lesson Essential Questions and vocab: Fill in as we go Lesson Essential Questions and vocab: Fill in as we go

Lesson Essential Question What is water? What is water?

Water Necessary for all living organisms Necessary for all living organisms One of the most fascinating compounds on earth One of the most fascinating compounds on earth Covers 70% of earth’s surface Covers 70% of earth’s surface

Water 340 million cubic miles of water on planet. 97% is oceans, 2% freshwater and 1% frozen in glaciers and ice caps 340 million cubic miles of water on planet. 97% is oceans, 2% freshwater and 1% frozen in glaciers and ice caps

The Water Cycle Fill in the graphic organizer on the water cycle Fill in the graphic organizer on the water cycle Define hydrologic cycle Define hydrologic cycle Define: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration, surface water, ground water

The Water Cycle The amount of water is constant, but the amount of water available is not constant The amount of water is constant, but the amount of water available is not constant We use 19% of potential water supply, 81% continues in hydrologic cycle We use 19% of potential water supply, 81% continues in hydrologic cycle

The Water Cycle “used” does not mean used up. Almost all water withdrawn from the hydrologic cycle eventually returns to the cycle. “used” does not mean used up. Almost all water withdrawn from the hydrologic cycle eventually returns to the cycle.

Water Videos What do these videos tell you? What do these videos tell you?

Review Concept Map/Word Wall Concept Map/Word Wall Exit Question: What are the parts of the water cycle? Exit Question: What are the parts of the water cycle?

Water Users

Warm-up

Lesson Essential Question Who is the leading user of water? Who is the leading user of water?

Activity Turn to page 162. Students are to make an outline of the water users. Be sure to include subtopics and descriptions. Create this as if you were going to give it to someone that missed a lecture. Turn to page 162. Students are to make an outline of the water users. Be sure to include subtopics and descriptions. Create this as if you were going to give it to someone that missed a lecture.

Water USE The US drinks 100 million gallons of water per day. This is a tiny fraction of the water available. The US drinks 100 million gallons of water per day. This is a tiny fraction of the water available.

Water USERS Agriculture Agriculture Industry Industry Hydroelectric plants Hydroelectric plants Fish and Wildlife Fish and Wildlife Recreational users Recreational users Domestic users Domestic users

Agriculture Irrigation Irrigation Surface Irrigation Surface Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Semi-portable Irrigation Semi-portable Irrigation Stationary Irrigation Stationary Irrigation Drip Irrigation Drip Irrigation

Surface Irrigation Building a series of large and small ditches to transport water. Large ditch brings water to the fields from a stream or reservoir. Small ditches carry water to growing crops from a canal. Building a series of large and small ditches to transport water. Large ditch brings water to the fields from a stream or reservoir. Small ditches carry water to growing crops from a canal.

Sprinkler Irrigation Applying water over the top of the crops Applying water over the top of the crops Over ½ this type Over ½ this type Stationary to portable Stationary to portable

Semiportable Sprinkler An irrigation system that supplies water to a lateral, which pivots around the supply, and can be moved between central water supplies. An irrigation system that supplies water to a lateral, which pivots around the supply, and can be moved between central water supplies.

Stationary Irrigation Sprinkler Burying underground waterlines Burying underground waterlines Only sprinkler heads exposed Only sprinkler heads exposed Berry patches, orchards and nurseries Berry patches, orchards and nurseries

Drip Irrigation Water supply pipes with lateral tubes going to individual plants Water supply pipes with lateral tubes going to individual plants Maximum benefit for the least amount of resources Maximum benefit for the least amount of resources

Exit Question What type of irrigation is this? What type of irrigation is this?

Water Users

Warm-up List and Explain the different types of irrigation. List and Explain the different types of irrigation.

Lesson Essential Question Who is the leading user of water? Who is the leading user of water?

Agriculture Use Continued Lowered water tables in Texas, Arizona, and California’s San Joaquin Valley Lowered water tables in Texas, Arizona, and California’s San Joaquin Valley Salt water is entering the water table, making the supply unsuitable Salt water is entering the water table, making the supply unsuitable

Agriculture Use Continued If supply not from groundwater, drawn from surface water sources If supply not from groundwater, drawn from surface water sources surface water not close to lands in need of irrigation. surface water not close to lands in need of irrigation. Long transport can be wasteful Long transport can be wasteful Hundreds of miles= lost water to evaporation Hundreds of miles= lost water to evaporation

Agriculture Use Continued When the water is reached, it is intensified with salt and minerals because it does not evaporate like the water. When the water is reached, it is intensified with salt and minerals because it does not evaporate like the water. Salinization- high concentration of salts Salinization- high concentration of salts Cannot be used Cannot be used

Industry Use Important part of the industrial world Important part of the industrial world Uses 40 billion gallons per day Uses 40 billion gallons per day Used as a medium for other processes Used as a medium for other processes EX: Canning factory, Paper EX: Canning factory, Paper

Hydroelectric Plants Water-driven turbine generators to produce electricity Water-driven turbine generators to produce electricity Trapping energy from water Trapping energy from water Why concern if nothing heated, polluted or destroyed? Why concern if nothing heated, polluted or destroyed?

Hydroelectric Plants Concern because once dammed, natural wild rivers are tamed, fish runs are interrupted and wilderness areas are altered Concern because once dammed, natural wild rivers are tamed, fish runs are interrupted and wilderness areas are altered

hydro plant.htm hydro plant.htm hydro plant.htm hydro plant.htm

Review Concept Map/Word Wall Concept Map/Word Wall Exit Question: Exit Question:

Water Users

Warm-up List 3 ways hydroelectric plants affect the environment. List 3 ways hydroelectric plants affect the environment.

Lesson Essential Question Who is the leading user of water? Who is the leading user of water?

Fish and Wildlife Some wildlife and fish prosper in quiet, cold mountain streams, whereas others prefer fast, running rapids When water is dammed or drained, habitat changes and wildlife may die

Recreation Boating Water Skiing Fishing Sailing Swimming Ice rinks Ice hockey Shows on ice Home Pools

Domestic Uses Cook, bathe, clean and carry away wastes with water In US, each person uses about 173 gallons a day

Domestic Uses Bath=30-40 gallons Shower= 5 gallons a minute Flush toilet= gallons Laundry= 30 gallons Wash cars, sprinkle lawns, run water fountains, wash city streets

Activity Using the information provided, try to estimate how many gallons of water you use each day!

Review Word wall/concept map Exit Question: How does this information about water use affect you? Next class: Water Pollution

Classification of Water Pollution Sources

Warm-up What do you think is the common cause of water pollution?

Lesson Essential Question What are the classifications of water pollution?

Water Pollution “If wastes are put into the water, they cannot be seen; therefore, they must be gone. After all think of the billions and billions of gallons of water on this planet. There is no way we could ruin it.”

Water Pollution 3 basic sources Point Diffuse Background

Point Source Pollution Direct introduction of contaminants into the water supply at an identifiable location EX: Wastewater from factory being dumped into a stream through a discharge pipe

Diffuse source pollution Aka non-point-source pollution Introduction of contaminants across a wide area EX: Surface contamination from a farm or city that seeps into groundwater supply from runoff.

Diffuse source pollution EX in nature: wild fire resulting from lightning might destroy vegetative cover of large land area. Rain or snowmelt result in erosion. Organic matter in water as well as dissolved salts and hydrocarbons.

Background Pollution Ongoing natural process As water moves, it generates forces that pick up particles and carry them along. These materials dissolve and move into the water cycle

Background Pollution Ongoing contamination from natural sources

Review Word Wall/Concept Map Word Wall/Concept Map

Types of Water Pollution

Warm-up List and Explain the classification of water pollution sources.

Lesson Essential Question What are the types of water pollution?

Urban Pollution Pollution in our cities due to items such as road salts, street detergents and sewer systems. Runoff of chemicals enters storm sewers and can end up in rivers and streams

Urban Pollution Affects ground water supply Methane and ammonia from landfills

Industrial Pollution Causes the most pollution Also does the most to control pollution

Industrial Pollution Delaware Drinking Water At risk reading. Delaware Drinking Water At risk reading.

4 types of Industrial Pollution Thermal Pollution Radioactive Materials Organic Chemicals Inorganic Materials

Questions Use your book (pg ) to answer the questions.

Exit Question What type of pollution is this?

Types of Water Pollution/Detecting Water Pollution

Warm-up What do you think are the most popular agricultural pollutants?

Lesson Essential Question How can we detect water pollution? How can we detect water pollution?

Agricultural Pollution Animal wastes Animal wastes Pesticides Pesticides Fertilizers Fertilizers Silt sediments Silt sediments

Agricultural Pollution Huge buildings and giant feedlots create problems with waste disposal Huge buildings and giant feedlots create problems with waste disposal

Agricultural Pollution Spread manure on fields may leach into groundwater Spread manure on fields may leach into groundwater Keep runoff water away from livestock and stockpile manure Keep runoff water away from livestock and stockpile manure

Agricultural Pollution Pesticides and fertilizers used to control insects, diseases and weeds. Overuse or incorrect applications may affect groundwater supply Pesticides and fertilizers used to control insects, diseases and weeds. Overuse or incorrect applications may affect groundwater supply

Agricultural Pollution Too much fertilizer reaching water creates eutrophication (excessive enrichment of water) Too much fertilizer reaching water creates eutrophication (excessive enrichment of water) Algea-filled Algea-filled No longer useful No longer useful sediment sediment

Detecting Water Pollution Read through worksheet Read through worksheet Go to stream and see what we can find!! Go to stream and see what we can find!! RECORD ALL INFORMATION!!!!!!!! RECORD ALL INFORMATION!!!!!!!!

Review Word Wall/Concept Map Word Wall/Concept Map Test review worksheet Test review worksheet