AIM: How can we use physical and chemical properties to separate matter. OBJECTIVES: (SWBAT) 1.Identify basic physical properties used to separate samples.

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AIM: How can we use physical and chemical properties to separate matter. OBJECTIVES: (SWBAT) 1.Identify basic physical properties used to separate samples of mixtures. 2.Understand and describe how these physical properties are used to separate mixtures. 3.Design appropriate methods to separate unknown mixtures. DO NOW: List 6 physical properties that may be useful in the separation of mixtures.

Electrolysis *Must add acid catalyst to conduct electricity *H 1+ water oxygen hydrogen “electro” = electricity “lysis” = to split Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 32 Water Hydrogen gas forms Oxygen gas forms ElectrodeSource of direct current H 2 O(l) O 2 (g) + 2 H 2 (g)

Water  hydrogen + oxygen = hydrogen atom = oxygen atom

Methods of Separating Mixtures 1.What is a filter? 2.What type of mixture is separated by filtration? 3.Define filtrate: 4.Define residue: 5.What physical properties are used to separate substances by filtration? 6.Give examples of 3 mixtures that can be separated by filtration. 1. FILTRATION

Filtration separates a liquid from a solid Mixture of solid and liquid Stirring rod Filtrate (liquid component of the mixture) Filter paper traps solid Funnel

Capillary action Is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, and in opposition to external forces like gravity. The effect can be seen in the drawing up of liquids between the hairs of a paint- brush, in a thin tube, in porous materials such as paper, or in a cell. It occurs because of inter-molecular attractive forces between the liquid and solid surrounding surfaces.liquidgravity

2. CHROMATOGRAPHY 1.What physical properties are used to separate mixtures by chromatography? 2.What is capillary action? 3.Why do the components separate on the chromatography paper? 4.Give 2 examples of mixtures that can be separated by this method.

Chromatography Tie-dye t-shirt Black pen ink DNA testing –Tomb of Unknown Soldiers –Crime scene –Paternity testing

Paper Chromatography

The solution is boiled and steam is driven off. 3. DISTILLATION

How can you separate a sand- saltwater mixture.

Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.

Salt remains after all water is boiled off.

No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled. Saltwater solution (homogeneous mixture) Distillation (physical method) Salt Pure water

Setup to heat a solution Ring stand Beaker Wire gauze Ring Bunsen burner EVAPORATION