Managing Employers’ Top 10 Business Immigration Challenges August 13, ogletreedeakins.com

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C. Employers face uncertainty in hiring and retaining talent Shortage of H-1B professional work visas Challenges in obtaining L-1B intracompany transferee visas Backlogs Compliance Executive action and legislative changes 10 Biggest Business Immigration Challenges for Employers

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Executive Action: Deferred Action Programs* Expansion of DACA – Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals - Expansion of existing DACA program - Age cap of 31 is eliminated - Eligibility cut-off date for U.S. presence: 1/1/10 - Work permits granted for period of 3 years DAPA - Deferred action for parents of USC and LPR as of November 20, million + people (DACA expansion + DAPA)

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Executive Action: Deferred Action Programs Compliance: Impact for Employers Form I-9 employment verification Honesty policy State immigration laws (CA’s no retaliation law) *Pending lawsuit brought by 26 states to prevent implementation of DAPA and DACA expansion Administration erroneously issued EADs Being revoked by USCIS

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C ICE and E-Verify Compliance I-9 audit trends, E-Verify audits, state-by-state I-9 form changes: May 2013, new 2-page form New M-274 Handbook for Employers (70 pages) E-Verify “desk reviews” State immigration laws Federal Contractors – FAR Clause

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C ICE and E-Verify Compliance I-9 audits continue $110-$1,100 for paperwork violations per form State immigration laws – response to perceived federal inaction (ex. AL, AZ, FL, GA, SC) E-Verify audits on the rise Monitoring and Compliance Branch Desk audit reviews, site visits Can refer employer to ICE or DOJ for further investigation Increased information sharing between agencies

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Immigration Service Enforcement: USCIS Site Visits Key component of USCIS’ anti-fraud mission Fraud Detection & National Security Unit (FDNS) worksite visits, funded by H-1B/L-1/H-2B filing fees Approx. 15,000 H-1B site visits per year Extending program to L-1 petitions What to expect Unannounced inspection at work location listed in petition Typical duration: minutes Officer will question company official and employee Verify employer is legitimate; and Verify foreign worker is properly employed under terms/conditions of H-1B, L-1, H-2B application (job title, duties, worksite location)

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Immigration Service Enforcement: USCIS Site Visits Why be ready? USCIS can revoke approved petitions Deny pending petitions Criminal charges USCIS can partner with other agencies to uncover mistakes/missteps Target for future visits?

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Immigration Service Enforcement: USCIS Site Visits  Have a plan…  Ensure that H-1B worker still performs job listed on petition. If not, amend petition  Verify that worker is paid the required salary  Confirm that H-1B LCA file is up to date  Train receptionist to know how to respond  Designate a manager to meet with FDNS  Ensure that manager and employee are familiar with the information stated in the H-1B/L-1 petition

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C. Temporary Visas: H-1B Visas Labor Condition Application specifies the “Required Wage” Position Level Location Roving, moving, short term placement, third party placement, change in duties When to file an H-1B amendment? LCA only? 7. H-1Bs and the Roving Workforce

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C H-1Bs and the Roving Workforce Employees changing locations to work in other Metropolitan Statistical Areas and/or States/Regions April 9, New AAO decision Matter of Simeio Solutions, LLC 26 I&N Dec. 542 (AAO 2015) Must we file an amended H-1B petition with USCIS? YES! USCIS Guidance – initially stated it would apply retroactively and employers would have until August 19 to submit amendments for all employees that changed worksites before April 9, 2015 Now must file amendment by January 15, 2016, if employee changed job sites between April 9 and August 19

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C. 3 rd Party Placement Requirements Control Must be “principally” under employer “control and supervision” or the placement will be considered “essentially an arrangement to provide labor for hire for the unaffiliated employer.” “Control and supervision” requires employer to retain ultimate authority over the worker Source of salary is not the controlling factor End-client letter and contract required 7. H-1Bs and 3 rd Party Placements

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C. 3 rd Party Placement Requirements (Continued) Additional Scrutiny Reporting 35%-50+% denials from U.S. Consulates and USCIS Impersonal and hostile nature of the visa interview and adjudications process Extensive Requests for Evidence sent from USCIS 7. H-1Bs and 3 rd Party Placements

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C. Temporary Visas: L-1 Intra-company Transfers Multinational companies with a parent, subsidiary, branch, or affiliate abroad to transfer employees to U.S. Two types: Managers/executives (L-1A) “Specialized knowledge” (L-1B) employees Worked abroad for at least one year during the last three years 6. L Visa Scrutiny

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C. L-1 Challenges – Increased Scrutiny L-1B denial rate at all-time high – 35% USCIS oftentimes denies L-1B petitions unless proven “proprietary” technology Not proper standard, according to law “Specialized knowledge” Strengthening and clearly defining specialized knowledge: Connecting specialized knowledge to company’s products, processes, methodologies, platform, etc. and Demonstrating why the foreign employee’s specialized knowledge is unique within the company such that he/she is one of a handful of employees who can perform the job duties for the specialized knowledge position 6. L Visa Scrutiny

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C. L-1B “specialized knowledge” professionals Candidate selection is critical Easily differentiated from other employees, i.e., candidate possesses a quantifiable distinction as compared to a skilled worker Factors Tenure: the longer the better Knowledge of procedures or techniques proprietary to or owned by employer-sponsor Training or exposure not available to similarly situated workers Salary comparable to U.S. 6. L Visa Scrutiny

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Executive Action: L-1B Adjudications USCIS has drafted new L-1B memo for review to “clarify” policy (issued Mar. 24, 2015 – to take effect Aug 31, 2015) Hopeful it would clarify standards so employers would have more predictability Worker must have “distinct or uncommon” knowledge and “advanced” within workforce – vague Bottom Line: Not much clarification provided

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Immigrant Visa Program (Green Cards) Current backlogs for green cards (10+ years for some) Workers locked into same job title and employer for years Immigrant visa numbers sometimes “lost” Difficult to predict how many years process will take Current system: workers waiting in limbo for several years for green cards Can run out of time on temporary visas while waiting May have to leave U.S.; business suffers

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C. Visa Bulletin - August 2015 Employm ent- Based All Chargeability Areas Except Those Listed CHINA - mainland born INDIAMEXICOPHILIPPINES 1stCCCCC 2ndC15DEC1301OCT08CC 3rd15JUL1501JUN04 15JUL1501JUN04 Other Workers 15JUL1501JAN0401JUN0415JUL1501JUN04 4thCCCCC

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Executive Action: Green Cards Proposed system: reduce backlogs and ensure usage of all immigrant visa numbers Would not count spouses against the quota Proposed system: “pre-registration” for AOS benefits Interim work and travel authorization Would impact approx. 410,000 people Allow for career progression and employer change Reliable and predictable timelines for green cards No time frame yet for further action

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Congressional (IN)Action U.S. Comprehensive Immigration Reform Senate Bill S.744 Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 passed on June 27, 2013 in a vote. House House Republicans released their “Standards for Immigration Reform,” a one-page document of basic principles on January 31, 2014.

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Congressional (IN)Action Senate Bipartisan Framework for Comprehensive Immigration Reform Four basic elements: 1. A path to legalization for illegal immigrants 2. Increased border security 3. Increased employer verification requirements 4. Employment-based immigration

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C. House Statement Rejects comprehensive reform Border security first Entry-exit tracking Employment verification 2. Congressional (IN)Action

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C Congressional (IN)Action Senate Bill Has Positive and Negative Impact on Employers +More H-1B professional work visas available -Lengthier and more expensive process to obtain H-1B professional work visas -Additional rules and fees relating to “outsourcing” H-1B and L-1 workers to third-party sites + New Work Visa (“W”) classification for lower-skilled workers - Mandatory E-Verify - Increased civil and criminal liability for employing authorized individuals

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C H-1B Shortage Most common work visa for professionals Specialty occupation, requires bachelor’s degree 65,000 regular H-1Bs each fiscal year 20,000 visas for U.S. graduate degree Past 3 years, quota depleted in first filing week 233,000 new petition filed for FY 2016 (36%) I-Squared Act proposed January 13, 2015 Would raise cap: range of 115, ,000 No cap on H-1Bs for U.S. graduate degree

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C H-1B Shortage Alternatives to H-1B: Other work visas: TN, E, L, O Trainee visas: J-1, H-3 Spousal work authorization Cap exempt H-1Bs OPT extensions Global employment options

Atlanta / Austin / Berlin / Birmingham / Boston / Charleston / Charlotte / Chicago / Cleveland / Columbia / Dallas / Denver / Detroit (Metro) / Greenville / Houston / Indianapolis / Jackson / Kansas City / Las Vegas / London / Los Angeles / Memphis / Mexico City / Miami Milwaukee / Minneapolis / Morristown / Nashville / New Orleans / New York City / Orange County / Philadelphia / Phoenix / Pittsburgh / Portland / Raleigh / Richmond / San Antonio / San Diego / San Francisco / St. Louis / St. Thomas / Stamford / Tampa / Torrance / Tucson / Washington, D.C. QUESTIONS? Lee Depret-Bixio Columbia, SC