CHEMISTRY November 20, 2014 REVIEW.

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Presentation transcript:

CHEMISTRY November 20, 2014 REVIEW

You are seated and silent You have 7 minutes Do the SCIENCE STARTER

REVIEW

PHYSICAL BEHAVIORS OF MATTERS

PB1 Which substance can not be broken down by chemical means? Ammonia Antimony Methane Water

PB2 Which substance can not be broken down by a chemical change? Methane Propanal Tungsten Water

PB3 Which substance can NOT be broken down by a chemical change? Ammonia Ethanol Propanal Zirconium

PB4 Two grams of potassium chloride are completely dissolved in a sample of water in a beaker. This solution is classified as An element A compound A homogeneous mixture A heterogeneous mixture

PB5 Salt water is classified as a Compound because the proportion of its atoms is fixed Compound because the proportion of its atoms can vary Mixture because the proportion of its components is fixed Mixture because the proportion of its component can vary

PB6 A substance is classified as either an element or a Compound Solution Heterogeneous mixture Homogeneous mixture

PB7 Which diagram represents a mixture of two different molecular forms of the same element? A B C D

PB8 A gas changes directly to a solid during Fusion Deposition Saponification Decomposition

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

SP1 In an atom of argon-40, the number of protons Equals the number of electrons Equals the number of neutrons Is less than the number of electrons Is greater than the number of electrons

SB2 Which statement matches a subatomic particle with its charge? A neutron has a negative charge A proton has a negative charge A neutron has no charge A proton has no charge

SB3 Which statement compares the masses of two subatomic particles? The mass of an electron is greater than the mass of a proton The mass of an electron is greater than the mass of a neutron The mass of a proton is greater than the mass of an electron The mass of a proton is greater than the mass of a neutron

SB4 Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an He-4 atom? Electrons and neutrons Electrons and protons Neutrons and protons Neutrons, protons, and electrons

SB5 Which particles have approximately the same mass? An electron and an alpha particle An electron and a proton A neutron and an alpha particle A neutron and a proton

SB6 The greatest composition by mass in an atom of O-17 (8) is due to the total mass of its Electrons Neutrons Positrons Protons

SB7 Which quantity can vary among atoms of the same element? Mass number Atomic number Number of protons Number of electrons

SB8 What is the approximate mass of a proton? 1 u 0.0005 u 1 g

SB9 Which quantity represents the number of protons in an atom? Atomic number Oxidation number Number of neutrons Number of valence electrons

SB10 Compared to the charge of a proton, the charge of an electron has A greater magnitude and the same sign A greater magnitude and the opposite sign The same magnitude and the same sign The same magnitude and the opposite sign

SB11 Which phrase describes an atom? A negatively charged nucleus surrounded by positively charged protons A negatively charged nucleus surrounded by positively charged electrons A negatively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged protons A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons

SB12 Which statement about one atom of an element identifies the element? The atom has 1 proton. The atom has 2 neutrons. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atom is 3 The difference between the number of neutrons and protons in the atom is 1

SB13 The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of An alpha particle A beta particle A positron A neutron

SB14 Every chlorine atom has 7 electrons 17 neutrons A mass number of 35 An atomic number of 17

SB15 An atom in the ground state has two electrons in its first shell and six electrons in its second shell. What is the total number of protons in the nucleus of this atoms? 5 2 7 8

SB16 What is the charge of the nucleus of an oxygen? -2 +8 +16

ATOMIC MODEL

AM1 An orbital is a region of space where there is a high probability of finding A proton A positron A neutron An electron

AM2 In the late 1800s, experiments using cathode ray tube led to the discovery of the Electron Neutron Positron Proton

AM3 According to the wave-mechanical model of the model, an orbital is a region of the most probable location of An alpha particle A gamma ray An electron A proton

AM4 In the wave-mechanical model of the atom, an orbital is defined as A region of the most probable proton location A region of the most probable electron location A circular path traveled by a proton around the nucleus A circular path traveled by an electron around the nucleus

AM5 The gold foil experiment led to the conclusion that each atom in the foil was composed mostly of empty space because most alpha particles directed at the foil Passed through the foil Remained trapped in the foil Were deflected by the nuclei in gold atoms Were deflected by the electrons in gold atoms

AM6 An orbital is defined as a region of the most probable location of An electron A neutron A nucleus A proton

ISOTOPES

I1 What information is necessary to determine the atomic mass of the element chlorine? The atomic mass of each artificially produced isotope of chlorine, only The relative abundance of each naturally occurring isotope of chlorine only The atomic mass and the relative abundance of each naturally occurring isotope of chlorine The atomic mass and the relative abundance of each naturally occurring and artificially produced isotope of chlorine

I2 What is the total number of neutrons in an atom of O-18? 18 16 10 8

I3 The atomic mass of titanium is 47.88 atomic mass units. This atomic mass represents the Total mass of all the protons and neutrons in an atom of Ti Total mass of all the protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of Ti Weighted average mass of the most abundant isotope of Ti Weighted average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of Ti

I4 Which notations represent different isotopes of the element sodium? 32S and 34S S2- and S6+ Na+ and Na0 22Na and 23Na

I5 An atom that has 13 protons and 15 neutrons is an isotope of the element Nickel Silicon Aluminum Phosphorus

I6 The atomic masses and the natural abundances of the two naturally occurring isotopes of lithium are shown in the table below: Which numerical setup can be used to determine the atomic mass of lithium? (0.075)(6.02 u) + (0.925)(7.02 u) (0.925)(6.02 u) + (0.075)(7.02 u) (7.5)(6.02 u) + (92.5)(7.02 u) (92.6=5)(6.02 u) + (7.5)(7.02 u)

I7 The total number of protons, electrons and neutrons in each of four different atoms are shown in the table below. Which two atoms are isotopes of the same element? Atom Total Number of Protons Total Number of Electrons Total Number of Neutrons A 5 7 D 6 8 X Z 9 A and D A and Z X and D X and Z

ELECTRONS

E1 Which electron configuration represents the electrons of a chlorine (Cl) atom in a ground state? 1-8-8 2-8-8 2-7-8 2-8-7

E2 Which electron configuration represents a bromine (Br) atom in an excited state? 2-7-18-6 2-7-18-7 2-7-18-8 2-8-18-7

E3 An electron in a silver atom moves from the third shell to the fourth shell. This change is a result of Absorbing energy Releasing energy Gaining an electron Losing an electron

E4 When an excited electron in an atom moves to the ground state, the electron Absorbs energy as it moves to a higher energy state Absorbs energy as it moves to a lower energy state Emits energy as it moves to a higher energy state Emits energy as it moves to a lower energy state

E5 The bright-line spectrum of copper is produced when energy is Absorbed as electrons move from higher to lower electron shells Absorbed as electrons move from lower to higher electron shells Released as electrons move from higher to lower electron shells Released as electrons move from lower to higher electron shells

E6 During a flame test, a lithium salt produces a characteristic red flame. This red color is produced when electrons in excited lithium atoms Are lost by the atoms Are gained by the atoms Return to lower energy states within the atoms Move to higher energy states within the atoms

E7 What must occur when an electron in an atom returns from a higher energy state to a lower energy state? A specific amount of energy is released. A random amount of energy is released. The atom undergoes transmutation. The atom spontaneously decays

E8 Which element is NOT present in the mixture? A D X Z The diagram below represents the bright-line spectra of four elements and a bright-line spectrum produced by a mixture of three of these elements.

E9 Compared to the energy and charge of the electrons in the first shell of a Be atom, the electrons in the second shell of this atom have Less energy and the same charge Less energy and a different charge More energy and the same charge More energy and a different charge

E10A An atom in an excited state has an electron configuration of 2-7-6 Explain, in term of subatomic particles why this excited atom is electrically neutral.  

E10B Write the electron configuration of this atom in the ground state.

ANNOUNCEMENT MIDTERM – FRIDAY (TOMORROW)

AGENDA THE SCIENCE STARTER R.A.C.E

ASSIGNMENTS SPEND THE REST OF THE TIME COMPLETING ANY MISSING WORKS. LABS (3) HOMEWORK (PAPER AND ONLINE) MAKEUP QUIZES WRITING ASSIGNMENT

AIM How does RACE help you provide a solid evidence-based response?

R.A.C.E R: Restate the question/writing prompt using key words A: Assertion – what is your answer to the prompt? C: Citation- cite the evidence that proves your answer from the text. This should be a direct quote from the book E: Explain: Explain how the quote answer the question/prompt with your own words and brings closure to the response

EXAMPLE WRITING The goal of the main character, Brian, in Hatchet is to go see his dad in the Canadian wilderness for summer vacation. It says in the story on page 7, “So this first summer when he was allowed to have “visitation rights” with his father, …, Brian was heading north.” This part was about Brian flying in a Cessna plane to go spend the summer with his father in the Canadian wilderness which is his goal in the story.

WRITING PROMPT Compare Oxygen-16 to Oxygen-18 (Include the words isotopes and neutrons).

Restate/Assertion Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 are similar Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 are different Since Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 are

Cite As stated in the article, As can be seen in the text, Line 5 of paragraph 2 states

Explain Therefore, Hence, As a result, The evidence clearly supports

Restate/Assertion = Claim Cite = Evidence Explain = Justify COMPARISON Restate/Assertion = Claim Cite = Evidence Explain = Justify