Sharks in the North Pacific: Spiny Dogfish By Liam Antrim Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary

Classification and Mnemonics KingdomKing KingdomKing PhylumPhillip PhylumPhillip Class Came Class Came OrderOver OrderOver FamilyFor FamilyFor Genus Good Genus Good SpeciesSoup SpeciesSoup Animalia Chordata Chondrichthyes

Common Characteristics of Sharks No air bladder No air bladder Body plans Body plans Sagittiform Sagittiform Fusiform Fusiform Anguilliform Anguilliform Cartilaginous Cartilaginous Tough Skin Tough Skin

Common Characteristics of Sharks Highly developed sense of smell: Some sharks can detect substances with a concentration of 1 part per million in water (very low concentration) Highly developed sense of smell: Some sharks can detect substances with a concentration of 1 part per million in water (very low concentration) Sensitive to elcectromagnetic charges: can pick up charges of one-millionth of a volt- helps detect bioelectric pulses of some animals. Sensitive to elcectromagnetic charges: can pick up charges of one-millionth of a volt- helps detect bioelectric pulses of some animals. Swim at high speeds: shortfin mako- 35mph and bursts at 60mph Swim at high speeds: shortfin mako- 35mph and bursts at 60mph Strong jaw muscles: 44,000lbs per sq. in. humans- 150lbs per sq. in Strong jaw muscles: 44,000lbs per sq. in. humans- 150lbs per sq. in

Common Life Histories of East Pacific Sharks High in food chain- Apex Fish Predator High in food chain- Apex Fish Predator Long lived and lower abundance Long lived and lower abundance Delayed first reproduction Delayed first reproduction Live births and small litters Live births and small litters Born predators Born predators Like marine mammals- harder to study Like marine mammals- harder to study

Spiny Dogfish

Classification: Spiny Dogfish KingdomKing KingdomKing PhylumPhillip PhylumPhillip Class Came Class Came OrderOver OrderOver FamilyFor FamilyFor Genus Good Genus Good SpeciesSoup SpeciesSoup Animalia Chordata Chondrichthyes Squaliformes Squalidae Squala S. acanthius

Spiny Dogfish: Global Distribution

Spiny Dogfish Size: 1.5m Size: 1.5m Live up to years Live up to years Spines on dorsal fin Spines on dorsal fin Schools: segregated by sex and age Schools: segregated by sex and age Historically harvested for: Historically harvested for: Oils in liver-vitimin A Oils in liver-vitimin A Food Food Conservation Status: vulnerable Conservation Status: vulnerable

Spiny Dogfish: Feeding Omnivores Epibenthic Squid Crab Octopus Shrimp Sea Cucumbers Schooling fish Herring Mackerel Menhaden Capelin Upper Jaw Protrusion (goes forward).

Spiny Dogfish: Predators Spiny Dogfish Spiny Dogfish Sixgill Shark Sixgill Shark Cod Cod Seals Seals Killer Whales Killer Whales Red Hake Red Hake

Spiny Dogfish: Reproduction Mature: 35 yrs Mature: 35 yrs Gestation: 22 months Gestation: 22 months Litter size: 6-12 pups Litter size: 6-12 pups Ovoviviparous Ovoviviparous

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Work Cited encounters/3904/Photos#tab-Photos/3 encounters/3904/Photos#tab-Photos/3 encounters/3904/Photos#tab-Photos/3 encounters/3904/Photos#tab-Photos/ jpg 26.jpg 26.jpg 26.jpg l.jpg l.jpg