p. 1 basic research needs workshop for Carbon Capture: Beyond 2020 Plenary Midpoint Session March 4, Potential scientific impactPotential impact on Carbon Capture Summary of research directionScientific challenges Membranes: High performance chemically, mechanically, and thermally stable membrane materials Define promising candidate materials Transform promising candidate materials through an array of methodologies (e.g., thermal, UV, microwaves, etc.) to impart stability and high performance Define stability limits using advanced analytical techniques Materials that have attractive transport properties and are robust are difficult to process into desirable 3-dimensional structures Create new paradigms for rapid transformation of materials over multiple length scales Provide the capability to probe nanoscale environments using advanced spectroscopy, imaging, PALS, scattering, etc. Enable CO 2 capture across the full range of possible environments (post-, pre-, and oxy-combustion) and target separations (CO 2 /N 2, H 2 /CO 2, O 2 /N 2 ) Develop game changing membrane materials for 2020 and beyond

p. 2 basic research needs workshop for Carbon Capture: Beyond 2020 Plenary Midpoint Session March 4, Potential scientific impactPotential impact on Carbon Capture Summary of research directionScientific challenges Membranes: Stimuli-Responsive Materials for CO 2 Separation Investigation of new separation functionality triggers Understanding of materials energetics, kinetics Intermittent and/or continuous stimuli Interfacial accessibility by stimuli and CO 2 Modeling, theory, and characterization of dynamics/chemistry at atomic level Novel fundamental CO 2 transport and separation using driving forces other than chemical potential (i.e., partial pressure): Electrical Sonic, Electromagnetic Thermal/Phase change, pH Development of more energy-efficient processes Novel responsive materials w/ new engineering design/applications (storage, biomedical, structural) New material designs/microstructures New theories and equipment for molecular and material dynamics Rapid adoption of cost-effective separation membranes and processes w/ lower parasitic energy penalties Ability to implement for mobile as well as stationary point sources Ability to capture CO 2 from air

p. 3 basic research needs workshop for Carbon Capture: Beyond 2020 Plenary Midpoint Session March 4, 2010 Potential scientific impactPotential impact on Carbon Capture Summary of research directionScientific challenges Membranes: Integrated selective catalysis and mass transport Integration of functionalized molecules Materials with liquid-like and selective transport at moderate temperatures Nanoscale surface modification of membranes for catalysis and selectivity Surface characterization at process- relevant pressure Attaining selective transport and chemical conversion simultaneously through tailoring of both bulk and surface properties of membranes Discovery of synergies between bulk and surface properties Tailored gas-surface interactions Discovery of synergies between component materials Unprecedented transport properties CCS system simplification through targeted conversion (e.g. methane to electricity and sequestration-ready CO 2 ) Tailored products from fossil fuel via catalytic conversion and selective transport Cost effective, high quality separations

p. 4 basic research needs workshop for Carbon Capture: Beyond 2020 Plenary Midpoint Session March 4, Potential scientific impactPotential impact on Carbon Capture Summary of research directionScientific challenges Membranes: Advanced 3D Membrane Architectures Control and Manipulation of Non-equilibrium Architectures Gradient Structures and Transport Fields Bio-inspired Models Facilitated Transport Mechanisms Multiscale Integration (Free volume, specific chemical interactions, pore structure, etc.) Structure generation via self assembly, molecular design, top-down patterning To craft hierarchical functional membranes that are deterministically articulated in 3D. To establish forms of materials integration that enable new possibilities for selective, high throughput membrane separations within compact form factors. New methods to control transport in materials by design. Unprecedented new competencies that innately join synthesis, fabrication and assembly to achieve function. Membranes with High Flux (e.g., CO 2, O 2 ) Robust, Application Tolerant Membranes Low Energy Separations Reduced Membrane Footprint

p. 5 basic research needs workshop for Carbon Capture: Beyond 2020 Plenary Midpoint Session March 4, Potential scientific impactPotential impact on Carbon Capture Summary of research directionScientific challenges Membranes: Predictive modeling for rational materials design Develop multi-scale computational tools Exploration of new predictive algorithms Model Validation Computational design of new membranes will enable prediction of: Rapid screening of relationships between structure and performance Effects of aging and contaminants A-priori quantification and optimization of transport behavior Integrating with existing computational tools will allow: Rapid assessment of new materials concepts Optimization of membrane architecture prior to experimentation New concept screening directly linked to LCOE Fundamental issue: permeability/ selectivity trade-off. Performance beyond Robeson’s “upper bound” are needed to reduce separation costs Current materials design approach is largely empirical; existing models cannot predict, only explain properties Expanded synthetic capabilities have markedly increased membrane design space

p. 6 basic research needs workshop for Carbon Capture: Beyond 2020 Plenary Midpoint Session March 4, Potential scientific impactPotential impact on Carbon Capture Summary of research directionScientific challenges Membranes: Physics and Chemistry of Transport and Stability in Ultra-Thin Membranes Fabrication and characterization of ultrathin dense and asymmetric films of important membrane materials Development of characterization techniques for ultra-thin films Impact of penetrants on physical and mechanical properties of membranes Development of stabilized thin films Understanding and characterization of the physical properties (e.g. mechanical, transport, selectivity, aging) in ultra-thin (<100nm) films. Understanding properties of ultrathin composite films. Mechanical stabilization of the ultrathin membranes (e.g. supporting structures). Elucidate the fundamental physics of ultra-thin films Define the ‘effective’ limit of membrane thickness on performance and performance stability Provide guidance for design of ultra-thin films (e.g., membranes, coatings, resists) Development of stable, highly permeable, ultra-thin membranes for large volume gas separations Realize improved membrane reliability and enhance service life

p. 7 basic research needs workshop for Carbon Capture: Beyond 2020 Plenary Midpoint Session March 4, 2010 Potential scientific impactPotential impact on Carbon Capture Summary of research directionScientific challenges Membranes: Design of novel membranes that transport ions or molecules Combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening of materials Development of ion transporting membranes (e.g., carbonate) Development of advanced facilitated transport membranes Understanding of chemical and physical mechanisms that affect membrane stability and transport properties. Develop membranes with high specificity for target molecules using ion conducting or facilitated transport materials Design, synthesize, and demonstrate membrane materials with improved stability Discovery of new membrane materials Improved understanding of transport mechanism and material properties for membranes. New chemistry and materials with impact in other fields such as fuel cells and sensors. High performance separation/reaction processes for CO 2 capture. Improved process efficiency