Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC MARACOOS 2012 Annual Meeting Baltimore, Maryland 1 November 2012 Matthew Filippelli, Lead Engineer An overview of the US Offshore Wind Industry’s Met-ocean Data Needs and Applications

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Albany New York, USA Albany New York, USA Barcelona Spain Barcelona Spain Bangalore India Bangalore India Over 100 professional staff Experts in meteorology, spatial analysis, environment, and engineering Seasoned project managers and field technicians Established in 1983; nearly 30 years of renewable energy industry experience Independent assessments on 60,000+ MW Project roles in over 80 countries Company Snapshot

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Overview Introduction Data applications and users Met-ocean data parameters Measurement Approaches Modeling Applications Strategies to Address Data Needs Summary

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Introduction High-quality met-ocean data are essential to the successful initiation and development of an offshore wind industry in the United States. There is a scarcity of key atmospheric/ocean measurements that adds both uncertainty and cost to the wind development process. Current industry measurement and modeling practices are effective, but would benefit from coordinated efforts on a regional and national scale. Collaboration with met-ocean data stakeholders is essential.

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Data Applications during Development 1. Siting - Feasibility Studies - Exclusion Area Definition - Project Boundary Definition 2. Assessment, Design & Permitting - Resource and Energy Projections - Met-Ocean Design Conditions - Geophysical Studies - Turbine Suitability - Foundation and BOS Design - Risk Assessment

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Data Applications during Construction & Operation 3. Construction, Certification & Commissioning - Financing - Insurance - Installation - Interconnection - Verification and Certification 4. Operations - O&M Plan Development - Production & Sea State Forecasting - Accessibility, Navigation, Safety 5. Decommissioning

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Typical Met-ocean Data Users Developers and OEMs Banks, Investors & Insurance Providers Technical Experts & Researchers Marine Engineers & Construction Firms 0&M Providers and Human Safety Utilities/Grid Operators Government Agencies & Regulators Applications Project Siting & Permitting Energy Projections Technology Design & Validation Facility Design Financing Construction Operations & Site Safety Forecasting

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Primary Data Parameters – Current and Historical ATMOSPHERE WIND MEANS, DIST., EXTREMES SHEAR, VEER, TURBULENCE ATMOSPHERIC STATE T, P, RH, PRECIP, SOLAR STABILITY, LOW LEVEL JETS CLIMATOLOGY ICING LIGHTNING Source: NREL

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Primary Parameters – Current and Historical SURFACE-SUBSURFACE WATER STATE & PROPERTIES WATER TEMPERATURE SALINITY HYDROGRAPHIC WAVE HT, DIR, FREQ CURRENT PROFILES BIOLOGIC MARINE GROWTH GEOLOGIC BOTTOM SOIL TYPE

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Conventional Measurement Approach Project-specific focus on key parameters – hub height winds and shear, atmospheric stability and turbulence Onsite, bottom-fixed, tall mast with multiple monitoring levels Typically one mast per project with companion platforms (ADCP, wave buoy) Broadest acceptance and highest confidence approach Cost and permitting intensive Increasingly impractical: – Deeper waters – Higher hub heights Source:

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Evolving Alternate Measurement Approaches Lidar – vertical profiling & volume scanning – Early performance returns from floating lidars are very positive; long term reliability not yet validated Enhanced use of satellite imagery, particularly SAR Hybrid campaigns (tower and/or lidars plus buoys) – Assumption: Define vertical profile and stability with one high-quality platform – Characterize horizontal variations with buoys High quality, regionally representative monitoring stations Banks/investors rely on precedent, internal expertise, and on advice of independent consultants and test results

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Challenges & Opportunities for Measurements Working solely on a project-scale is costly, time-consuming and data are often not broadly shared. Until recently, the need for more offshore measurement wasn’t seen as a national priority. Collaboration between wind industry and existing measurement and research community to leverage existing assets. Efforts underway on a national and regional scale to support offshore wind specific programs – DOE FOAs and CHLV2 efforts – state and university efforts

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Modeling Applications Defining the atmospheric boundary layer structure & dynamics Understanding land-sea and air-sea interactions; extreme events Extrapolating and integrating sparse data in space and time Simulating wake generation, meandering, interactions and impacts Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loading of turbine structures Forecasting next-hour and next-day generation for grid management Spatial Scales and Interfaces for Flow Modeling

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Challenges & Opportunities for Modeling Need to improve model coupling (downscaling) to capture complex flow across scales Need to capture and model real ‘extreme’ wind datasets for turbine/foundation design & testing Models will benefit most from additional data for ingestion and validation, standardized measurements & data quality, and data sharing Collaboration between industry and research community is needed to ensure definition of user needs and widely useful results See DOE workshop report:

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Strategies To Address Data Needs Create a vision & plan for an offshore metocean monitoring network Multi-user investment in measurement system definition, deployment and data sharing Accelerate testing/acceptance of new measurement technologies Target modeling capability improvements Leverage existing resources within the ocean observing community See DOE report:

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Summary The audience for offshore wind resource and design data is diverse, and spans the life-cycle of development. Current and near-term measurement approaches are effective, but would benefit from coordinated development and deployment strategies. Improving model capability at different time and space scales is a priority – for a number of applications. A prerequisite is the availability of more input data, preferably meeting certain standards. Strategies for filling metocean data gaps require public/ private investment, technical innovation, and cooperation among key stakeholders.

Albany, New York | Barcelona, Spain | Bangalore, India | awstruepower.com | ©2011 AWS Truepower, LLC Questions or comments? x 1015 THANK YOU