Imperialism and the Victorian Era Take CN as you read the power point. Refer to the Glencoe text book when it tells you to. Do what it tells you to do for these pages Define the following in your spiral Imperialism Capitalism Nationalism Queen Victoria

Imperialism – A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically and socially Capitalism – Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit Nationalism – The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation – that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and a history, rather than to a king or ruler.

Imperialism or Nationalism? Does this picture depict imperialism or nationalism? Explain your answer in your CN.

Why Imperialism? Empire Building Economics Political and Military Interests Power and Authority Nineteenth Century – 1800s British Dominance - called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 years (page 579 and 600)

The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire Examine the map below. What does the title mean?

Imperialism and Empire - Africa 1880 – Most of Africa consisted of independent states 1914 – With the exception of Ethiopia and Liberia, all of Africa was controlled by Europeans

Imperialism and the Victorian Era 1. Open your book to page 655 and answer the following question on the back of the notes handout: 2. Name the only two countries in Africa which had NOT been taken over by European countries in 1914. Queen Victoria

Forces Enabling African and Indian Imperialism European technological superiority Steamboats Automatic machine gun Locomotive Telegraph Europeans had the means to control their empires Easy travel Wide spread communication African and Indian disunity Huge variety of cultures Fighting among cultures Huge business interests and support from companies

British in India British East India company controlled much of India with a police force made up of sepoys. Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim mercenary private police. Indian Crops: opium poppies for sale in China and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British empire. Cotton textile making outlawed in India so that the Indian people would be forced to buy British cloth. India was so profitable, it was called the “Jewel in the Crown.”

British in India Sepoy Rebellion Textbook – page 667. Answer the question in the box entitled “Picturing History.” The Sepoy Rebellion - 1857 (or Sepoy Mutiny) was caused by a rumor that new bullets were greased with cow and pig fat. Cow: sacred to Hindus. Pig: Unclean to Muslims. Sepoys refused to use the new ammo and were arrested by the British. This touched off a revolt which slaughtered more than 50 European men, women and children. British sent in more troops. Indian armies outnumbered. 230,000 to 40,000. British seized control of all of India. Queen Victoria became Empress of India.

Imperialism and Empire - India The Sepoy Rebellion allowed British soldiers to invade and control all of India and its neighbors by 1914. This was the RAJ. The British also controlled Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest empire!

Imperialism and Empire – India Gandhi In 1915 Gandhi began a NONVIOLENT struggle for India’s independence from Great Britain. In 1930 Mohandas Gandhi publicly opposed the British law against the production and sale of salt in India. He led thousands of Indian people to the sea to harvest salt. The British could not arrest everyone! In protest of the British law against Indian textile making, Gandhi himself spun the thread for every garment he wore. Gandhi

Imperialism in China – Answer the questions in the “Geography “Skills box” page 684 Because of repeated attempts at invasion, China distrusted foreigners and tried to remain isolationist. They were unsuccessful. Britain gained spheres of influence in China through smuggling opium. Resulted in Opium Wars and the Boxer Rebellion.

British East India Company: Tea and Opium Tea trade Tea demand in England explodes. Trade with China is imbalanced. Tea trade is net drain in Silver. Opium from Afghanistan (then part of British India) sold to China to prevent the outflow of silver from Britain. Raw cotton and opium from India became the staple British imports into China. British East India Company becomes a drug dealer. TEA

Opium Poppy

Opium War in China Opium cheap. Population develops a dependency. Chinese appeal to Britain. Request the Queen stop the opium trade. British government does not reply. China searches British ships. Chinese throw opium cargo into the ocean. The opium addict often sold all his possessions to pay for the opium. This woodcut shows an addict's wife being sold to support his habit.

Treaty of Nanking – British declare war: First Opium War 1839 – 1842 British Win The Treaty of Nanking = Unequal Treaty Extraterritoriality British get special legal status Only answer to British Law, even when in China Most Favored Nation The “me too” clause Open Ports Open Trade Tariffs controlled by treaty, not by China

Open Door Policy – United States wanted access to China trade, along with the British. Feared other nations would beat them to China. 1889, John Hay, US secretary of state proposed Open Door Policy. All countries with economic interests in China should have equal access to Chinese markets. No one consulted China! Use your OPTIC skills & explain the cartoon on the left

Suez Canal - 1875 (page 654) Europeans needed a faster way to get from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies. Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britain 1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence. British make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal.

Suez Canal Mediterranean Sea Why would a route between these 2 seas be worth the time & cost? Explain the significance of this canal. Red Sea

Nile River Suez Canal

Draw a picture illustrating the events below in the box provided Draw a picture illustrating the events below in the box provided. Below each picture, list the dates of the events and explain the event’s significance in World History. Include key individuals and major countries involved Sepoy Rebellion Gandhi and Nonviolent Resistance Opium War and Treaty of Nanking Open Door Policy and Spheres of Influence Boxer Rebellion Slide 22 5. Slide Five. Template for Imperialism Illustrated Outline a. Read pages 246-251 b. Download the Imperialism PowerPoint and use the slides on these topics as a reference. c. Create an “illustrated outline” for each of the following. An example of an illustrated outline is on the wall in the back of the room. One good way to make an illustrated outline in PowerPoint is to create a table and insert it into your document. Once your table is created, you can insert pictures and text into the appropriate squares. Divide your information into five categories. Sepoy Rebellion – page 667 Gandhi and nonviolent resistance – page 669 Opium War and Treaty of Nanking – page 688 Open Door Policy and spheres of influence – page 688 Boxer Rebellion – page 683, 698, 691

Imperialism in America Early imperialism called Manifest Destiny – to expand from “sea to shining sea.” Indian wars, the Mexican War and the Civil War have been called examples of such imperialism. Explain why.

Manifest Destiny

Imperialism in America Americans moved out into the Pacific Ocean in the nineteenth century (1800s). Took control of Hawaii (Sandwich Islands.) Pineapple and sugar plantations were created. Christian missionaries established churches. American companies replaced the old Hawaiian monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani, last monarch of Hawaii

Imperialism in America Japan – in 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry opened up trade with Japan by threatening military action (page 698). Gun Boat Diplomacy Japanese opened up trade to everyone. By 1930, Japan itself was an imperialist power, taking control of the Pacific. This led to American involvement in WWII.

Imperialism in America Spanish American War The US fought a war with Spain over Cuba and Cuban independence in 1898. US won. Acquired the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico.

Monroe Doctrine The United States policy guaranteeing the independence of Latin American nations. Warns European nations not to try to colonized the Americas any more. Made by President James Monroe in 1823 in response to European nations threatening to send troops to Latin America to restore territory to Spain who won their independence in several revolutions.

Monroe Doctrine 1823

Imperialism Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt’s foreign policy. Use OPTIC and explain the cartoon. “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” What does this slogan mean? What is Roosevelt sitting on?

Imperialism Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. No foreign powers allowed to colonize in the Americas. United States will protect Latin American countries from European intervention.

Panama Canal Answer the Geography Skills questions on page 674 John HAY – Secretary of State. Negotiated several canal treaties. Roosevelt used “gunboat diplomacy” to secure the area.

Panama Canal Panama Canal -1915 The canal connected the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. A marvel of modern engineering. Yellow fever had to be defeated first.

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914 Causes Copy the graphic organizer in your CN. Nationalism To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade. Imperialism Economic Competition Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonized. Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies. Missionary Spirit Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world.

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914 Copy the graphic organizer in your CN. Effects Colonization Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Imperialism Colonial Economics Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonized. Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies. Christianization Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia.

Analysis & Summary Summarize what you learned about imperialism from this power point. How did it develop? Where did it occur? Who was involved? Why is imperialism significant in World History? How do you think the Age of Imperialism affects modern events in Europe, Africa, Asia, & Latin America today? Explain your position