Culture Economy MixChina etc… Africa etc…

Subject 1 – 100 What are cultural universals? Name two and provide examples to explain. Elements that all cultures share. Answers / examples may vary.

Subject What is the difference between a democracy and a dictatorship? A democracy is a form of government in which the people have the supreme power. A dictatorship is a form of government in which a ruler or a group of people hold power by force.

Subject What is cultural diffusion? Give an example of how it happens. The movement of customs or ideas from one place to another. It can happen in trade (technology, new ideas) or in changing environment.

Subject What is ethnocentrism? When people judge other cultures by the standards of their own culture. Racism is a form of ethnocentrism – a belief that one race is superior to another.

Subject What is privatization? The selling of state-owned industries to private enterprises.

Subject What is a traditional economy? Name a country with a traditional economy. An economy where people produce most of what they need to survive (subsistence farming). Small regions in Africa / answers may vary.

Subject What is a market economy? Name a country with a market economy. A economic system in which the market (individuals / companies) decide what goods to buy and sell. USA (answers vary)

Subject What is a command economy? Name a country with a command economy. An economic system in which the government determines what goods to produce, how to produce them, and how much they cost. China (other answers may vary).

Subject What is the difference between an export and an import? What is a tariff? An import is a good brought into a country from abroad. An export is a good sold abroad. Imports come in; exports go out. Tariffs are fees applied to imports to encourage the sale of domestic goods.

Subject What is capital? Money invested in business ventures with the purpose of making profit.

Subject 3 – 100 Name the four ancient river civilizations we studied. What main aspect did they all have in common? Tigris / Euphrates in Mesopotamia, Yellow River in China, Indus River in India, Nile River Valley in Egypt. They were all found around rivers.

Subject What was the agricultural revolution and what impact did it have on civilization? Historical period during Stone Age in which people learned to farm and domesticate animals. It allowed people to shift from hunting and gathering to farming which allowed them to stay in one place and develop a civilization.

Subject After civilizations shifted to farming, what other developments came about? Specialized jobs, government, systems of writing, etc… Answers will vary.

Subject What was the Industrial Revolution? What impact did it have on civilization? When machines replaced hand tools and electricity and steam replaced human and animal labor.

Subject Name two ways in which the world is becoming more interdependent. International organizations exist to foster collaboration: UN, World Bank, World Health Organization. Nations have to work together to eliminate global problems: terrorism, drug trade, environment, human rights.

Subject What was the Silk Road and why was it important? Ancient trade route that reached from China to the Mediterranean Sea. Site for trading and cultural diffusion.

Subject What is Taoism? Name one of its core beliefs. A religion that grew out of China. Taoists believe in “tao” or a force that runs through all living things. They believe we must live in balance with nature.

Subject Name one thing Hinduism and Buddhism share. Neither is monotheistic. Both practice meditation and believe in reincarnation.

Subject Does China have a relatively high or low standard of living? How do you know? Relatively low – factors could include lower life expectancy rate, lower literacy rate, poorer infrastructure, lower access to healthcare, huge population, higher unemployment rate, etc… Answers will vary

Subject Define GDP and GDP per capita. GDP is gross domestic product. It is the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is GDP divided by the number of people in a country so it represents a “per citizen” indication of GDP.

Subject Why were European powers interested in colonizing Africa? They were looking for a short cut to Asia for trade, but discovered raw materials and labor (slaves) that they needed to expand their economic power and empires.

Subject Why were Europeans so successful in colonizing Africa? Guns: they had machine power to keep them in control, Germs: they brought diseases for which they were immune, Steel: they had more advanced innovations.

Subject What are cash crops and how did they affect the indigenous economic systems of Africa? A crop grown only for profit. Africans were mostly subsistence farmers before colonization. They switched to cash crops to make money which made them dependent on the Europeans to meet basic food needs.

Subject Name one similarity and one difference between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All are monotheistic and trace back to Abraham. Holy text varies (Torah, Bible, Koran), Jews are waiting for messiah; Christians believe Jesus was the messiah; Muslims believe Mohammed was a prophet. Answers will vary.

Subject What two governing methods did Europeans used to control their colonies? Explain each system. Direct rule: bringing in Europeans to govern colonies. Indirect rule: using existing structures / native people to rule. Britain practiced indirect rule. France practiced direct rule.