Baltimore Polytechnic Institute February 25, 2015 A/A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

Students will be able to describe to what extent government can effect change by analyzing the impact of the Progressive movement on American society

Objectives: Students will: Explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and turned outward at the end of the nineteenth century. Describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion and the causes of the Spanish-American War. Describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War, especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Explain McKinley’s decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing arguments in the debate about imperialism. AP Focus Thinking Globally (The American Pageant, 14 th ed., pp. 694–695) looks at how the United States came late to empire-building, which European powers had used to colonize large parts of the world in the nineteenth century. Social Darwinism is one key justification for U.S. territorial expansion. Having expanded to the Pacific Ocean by the late nineteenth century, the United States will go on to establish a global empire. The first step is to defeat Spain and take over its crumbling empire. This is accomplished in the Spanish- American War, when the United States ostensibly comes to the aid of Cubans who are seeking to break the chains of Spanish imperialism. Having defeated the Spaniards and wrested from them their empire in the Caribbean and the Pacific, the United States faces an insurgency by people who earlier were its allies, notably the Cubans and Filipinos, who bridle at what they see as a new hegemonic power.

CHAPTER THEMES In the 1890s, a number of economic and political forces sparked a spectacular burst of imperialistic expansionism for the United States that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a war that began over freeing Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines and other territories. In the wake of the Spanish-American War, President Theodore Roosevelt pursued a bold and sometimes controversial new policy of asserting America’s influence abroad, particularly in East Asia and Latin America.

Submit Debate Resume on Monday Debate on Monday 1890s Decade Chart due on Monday Election Charts due on Tuesday

Elkins Act of 1903-ended rebates Hepburn Act of 1906-free passes restricted Identified good and bad trusts Northern Securities in 1902 holding company by Morgan/James Hill Supreme Court ruled the Company to be dissolved others: beef, sugar, fertilizer, harvesters Believed in regulating, not fragmenting

Europe threatened to throw out all American beef The Jungle highlighted the appalling conditions of food, even though book was to show plight of workers Meat Inspection Act of 1906-meat shipped across states would be inspected Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Desert Land Act of 1877-government sold cheap arid land. Land had to be irrigated in 3 years Forest Reserve Act of 1891-President can set aside public forests as national parks Carey Act of 1894-distributed federal land to states. Land had to be irrigated and settled Newlands Act of 1902-money from sale of public lands in the West to use for irrigation projects Many organizations spun off: Boys Scouts of America, Audubon Society, Sierra Club The independent contractor were shouldered aside as corporations had the capacity to work with the federal bureaucracy Explain the struggle between preservationists and conservationists

Financial world blamed TR for the panic due to his “meddling “ polices/decisions Fiscal Reforms as a result Aldrich-Vreeland Act: authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral

Election of 1908 Democrats-William Jennings Bryan Republicans-William Howard Taft : Electoral College went to Taft 7,675,320 to 6,412,294 popular vote Socialists received 420,793 votes for Eugene V. Debs Roosevelt’s impact enlarged the power/prestige of the Presidency big stick of publicity shaped the progressive movement Square Deal grandfather to New Deal

Dollar diplomacy Manchurian railroad scheme American/Foreign investors buy the railroad and liquidate it China-Japan/Russia rejected it Wall Street invested in Honduras/Haiti to keep out foreign funds U.S. military intervened to protect investments

Taft brought 90 suits in 4 years Roosevelt brought 44 in 7.5 years Taft challenged a U.S. Steel merger that Roosevelt was personally involved in finalizing.

Explain how William Howard Taft split the Republican Party by describing the Ballinger- Pinchot quarrel that erupted in 1910.

Begin Reading 1 st ½ of Chapter 28 page Prepare for 5 question quiz on Tuesday