Week 1: Lecture Topics – Why Study Chemistry, Scientific Method, History of Chemistry, and Chemistry and You. Text: Intro and Chap 1 Reading Assignments: Intro and Chap 1 pp Homework Assignment: Chap 1 Review Questions pp 19 Testing: Week 1 Quiz

Why Study Chemistry: – Glory to God – Studying God's Creation – Study matter that makes all things.

What is Christian about Chemistry? Ways studying chemistry can help you – Understanding Creation can enhance your faith Job – Vocation – Perseverance – Apologetic discussions – Help make societal decisions - genetic engineering – Care for the creation Plan of Attack (see page ix)

1A Science and the Scientific Method (1) Deductive Versus Inductive Reasoning Deductive: If logic is followed, must be true - if premises are true Inductive: Most probably True (Basis of the scientific method) Scientific Methods vs. The Scientific Method (Review Steps )

Steps of the Scientific Method Step 1: Make initial observations of the world around you. In this way you are able to define a problem or question. Sometimes you may use the observations of others during this step. For example, you observe the sky conditions for a month and you notice that there seems to be two types of basic cloud forms, cumuliform (puffy) and stratiform (layered). Step 2: You then propose a hypothesis to explain observations. Your hypothesis needs to be testable, so you can determine if it is true or not. For example, you think about your observations and you propose that the types of clouds, cumuliform or stratiform, are related to how fast the temperature cools off with height. So you state that for cumulus clouds to form the air needs to cool at least by 4 F for every 1000 feet in elevation. Step 3: Test the hypothesis with further observations or experiments. You gather data, temperature information from weather balloons (rawinsondes), and you record the types of clouds that form along with how fast the temperature cools.

Step 4: Analyze data from observations or experiments. You then plot the temperature and cloud data on a diagram and see if your hypothesis or prediction is correct. Step 5: State your conclusions about the hypothesis based upon your data analysis. If your conclusions show that the hypothesis is correct, you may want to do further experiments to make sure that your hypothesis is always true, or ask new questions that expand upon the knowledge gained. If it proved to be false, then you need to go back to step 1 and re- examine the observations in order to make a new hypothesis.

Hypotheses, Theories, and Laws Hypotheses: An initial explanation of an observation 1B History Theories: Workable hypothesis for body of data/observations - able to make prediction Laws: Description of behavior - doesn't mean that it is correct all the time.

1. B The History of Chemistry (6) BC, BCE, CE, CCE. Common Era, also known as Current Era or Christian Era, abbreviated CE, is a designation for the period of time beginning with year 1 of the Gregorian calendar. An earlier date is then designated BCE, described as "Before the Common, Current, or Christian Era" Age of Practical Skills Creation BC - Metallurgy - Apothecary Greek Age 600 BC AD Age of Alchemy AD Age of Modern Chemistry Present

Branches of Chemistry Inorganic Organic Biochemistry Nuclear Chemistry Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry

1.C Chemistry and You (13) Understanding Creation can enhance your faith Job Vocation Perseverance Apologetic discussions Help make societal decisions - genetic engineering Care for the creation