Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Science in Our World 6 th Grade Science

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Introduction Chapter 1: Science In Our World Section 1: Science and ScientistScience and Scientist Section 2: Scientific MethodScientific Method Section 3: Scientific ModelsScientific Models Section 4: Tools, Measurement, and SafetyTools, Measurement, and Safety

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD What is Science? What Do You Think? Science and Scientist

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Science and Scientist Try thi s! Mission Possible? 1. Examine an index card. 2. Your mission is to fit yourself through the card. 3. Brainstorm with your partner on ways to complete your task. 4. Try some ideas to see if they work. See speaker notes for lab.

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Science and Scientists Science is a process of gathering knowledge about the natural world. Science starts with a question and uses several methods to find the answer.

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Science and Scientist After you ask a question, how do you begin to investigate? –Research –Observation –Experimentation

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Why ask questions? Science and Scientist

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Click on the following link to create a Famous Scientist Wanted Poster Science and Scientist

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Pre-AP Extension Pre-AP: Have students write a one page report on what they want to be when they grow up and explain how science is a part of their job. Present report to the class.

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review 1. What is Science?

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Answer Science is a process of gathering knowledge about the natural world. Science starts with a question and uses several methods to find the answer.

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review 2. What are three methods of investigation?

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Answer –Research –Observation –Experimentation

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review 3. What are some benefits of science in the world around you?

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Answer

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review 4. What are some jobs that use science?

Chapter 1 Section 1Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Answer Environmental Scientist Cartographer Engineer Accept any reasonable answer.

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Method

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD How Can Matter Be Measured and Compared? How can paleontologists know what a dinosaur looked liked, how it behaved, and what it ate based only on its fossilized remains? What Do You Think? Scientific Method

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Method Scientific methods are the ways in which scientists answer questions and solve problems. Scientist may use all the steps or some of the steps in an investigation.

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Method Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Method Scientist tend to ask a question after making observations. An observation is any use of the senses to gather information. Observation can be made throughout the experiment.

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Method When scientist what to investigate a question, they form a hypothesis. Hypothesis is a possible explanation or answer to a question- educated guess. Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Method After a hypothesis is form, scientist must test their hypothesis. Data are any pieces of information gathered through experimentation. Data can tell scientist if the hypothesis is valid or not.

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Once data has been collected, scientist must analyze their data. Analyzing results help scientist construct reasonable explanations based on evidence they collected. Scientific Method

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Method Do the results support the hypothesis? Scientists study the results to see if their hypothesis is right or wrong. They may repeat the investigation or ask new questions and form a new hypothesis.

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Method Scientist share their results by writing reports in journals, giving lectures or by way of the internet. See speaker notes for Core Lab

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Method Click Here Let us review the steps to the scientific method before conducting an experiment.

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD The scientific method is a systematic approach to problem solving. Explore the scientific method and learn about controls and variables in an experiment. Use the Experimental Design lab write up to conduct a lab. Pre-AP Extension See speaker notes for lab.

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD 1. What are some of the steps in the scientific method? Let’s Review

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Ask a question Make observations Form a hypothesis Test hypothesis Collect Data Analyze Data Draw a Conclusion Communicate Results Answer

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD 2. Why is a hypothesis sometimes called an educated guess? Let’s Review

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD A hypothesis is a possible solution based on previous knowledge, so it is an educated guess. Answer

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD 3. What options does a scientist have if the results of an experiment do not support a hypothesis? Let’s Review

Chapter 1 Section 2Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD A scientist could repeat the investigation to check for errors or could ask new questions and form a new hypothesis. Answer

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Models Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD What Are Three States of Matter? How is an airplane flight simulator a kind of model? What Do You Think? Scientific Models

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Models Models are representations of objects or systems. Models can be used for: –Understanding something –Predicting –Picturing things in your mind –Explain scientific theories

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Models Physical Models look like the object they model.

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Models Mathematical models are made up of mathematical equations and data. Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Models Conceptual models are systems of ideas. Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Models Limitation of Models: they don’t act exactly like the things they model or they may not look like the things they represent.

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Models A theory is a unifying explanation for a broad range of hypotheses and observations that have been supported by testing. Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Models Laws are a summary of many experimental results and observations.

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Scientific Models Give each student a piece of paper. Ask the students to use the paper to make a paper airplane that can fly. Conduct trails to see whose airplane can fly the farthest, whose can make the most turns before falling, and whose can stay in the air the longest. Activity

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review 1. How are models used to represent the natural world?

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Answer Models are used to represent the natural world through the use of familiar objects or ideas to stand for other things.

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review 2. What are two limitations of models?

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Answer Limitation of Models: they don’t act exactly like the things they model or they may not look like the things they represent.

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review 3. What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

Chapter 1 Section 3Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Answer Theories are unifying explanations for broad range of hypotheses and observations. Laws are summaries of experimental results and observations.

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD How Can Matter Be Measured and Compared? What could you study using a telescope? Or a microscope? What Do You Think? Tools, Measurement, and Safety

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety The compound microscope is made of 4 main parts: –Objective lens –Light –Stage –Ocular Lens Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety Tools for measuring: Stopwatches, meter sticks, and balances are used to take measurements. Thermometers, spring scales and graduated cylinders are also helpful.

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety Calculators and computers are great to analyze data. Pencils and graph paper are great to graph your data.

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety The metric system is called the International System of Units (SI). The advantage to using the SI system is that they help all scientists share and compare their observations.

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety Another advantage to using the metric system is the system is based off the number 10. This make changing from one unit to another easier. Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety Meter is the basic SI unit of length. To describe the length of a large objects, kilometer is used. To describe the length of a microscopic object, nanometer is used. Click hereClick here to practice measuring using the metric system

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety Area is a measure of how much surface an object has. Area is based on two measurements: Length X Width. Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety Volume is the amount of space that something occupies or the amount of space that something contains. Liter is the basic unit of measurement for volume. Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety Mass is the amount of matter that something is made of. The kilogram is the basic unit for mass. Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Tools, Measurement, and Safety Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is. Temperature can be measured in Celsius or Kelvin. ( C or K) Kelvin is the basic SI unit for temperature. See speaker notes for Core Lab

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Cite:

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Review lab safety rules Click here Tools, Measurement, and Safety

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review 1. What tool could you use to determine who is the fastest swimmer in your class?

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Answer Stopwatch

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review 2. What is the importance of the International System of Units in science?

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Answer The International System of Units helps all scientists share and compare their observations. Also, since the metric system is based on the number 10, this make changing from one unit to another easier.

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review 3. What is the area of a garden that is 12 m long and 8 m wide?

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Answer 12 m x 8 m = 96 m2

Chapter 1 Section 4Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD Let’s Review Make lab safety flashcards to review lab rules.