aspirinsucrose Matter – types and properties of

Chemistry is the science that investigates and explains the structure and properties of matter. Composition, Structure, and Behavior Chemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts

Composition, Structure, and Behavior Chemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Matter is the stuff that’s all around you: the metal and plastic of a telephone, the paper and ink of a book, the glass and liquid of a bottle of soda

Composition, Structure, and Behavior Chemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Matter is the stuff that’s all around you: the air you breathe, and the materials that make up your body.

Composition, Structure, and Behavior Chemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts A more formal definition of matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.

Mass is the measure of the amount of matter that an object contains.

The structure of matter refers to its composition - what matter is made of - as well as how matter is organized.

The properties of matter describe the characteristics and behavior of matter, including the changes that matter undergoes.

A powerful way to classify matter is by its composition. This is the broadest type of classification. Classification of Matter by Composition A qualitative observation is one that can be made without measurement. When you examine an unknown piece of stuff, you first ask, “What is it made of?” Sucrose is composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. This is a qualitative expression of composition.

After a qualitative analysis, the next question that you might ask is how much of each of the elements is present. Classification by Composition A quantitative observation is one that uses measurement. For sucrose, the answer to that question is that 100 g of sucrose contains 42.1 g of carbon, 51.4 g of oxygen, and 6.5 g of hydrogen. This is a quantitative expression of composition.

Pure substance or a mixture? A sample of matter is either ; pure - made up of only one kind of matter or

Pure substance or a mixture? A sample of matter is either ; pure—made up of only one kind of matter or mixture – made of two or more different kinds of matter. The basic identity of each substance is not changed

Pure substance or a mixture? A substance is matter, either an element or compound, with the same fixed composition and properties. A sample of matter is either ; pure or mixture

Two Types of Substances Compounds - can be broken down into simpler substances.

Two Types of Substances Element - cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Two Types of Substances All the substances of the universe are either elements, compounds formed from elements, or mixtures of elements and compounds. Compounds - can be broken down into simpler substances. Element – cannot be broken down into simpler substances

A physical change is a change in matter that does not involve a change in the chemical identity of individual substances.

Examples of physical changes include : boiling evaporating dissolving crystallizing Can you think of more examples?

Physical properties are characteristics that a sample of matter exhibits without any change in its identity.

Examples of the physical properties of a chunk of matter include its Solubility – ability to dissolve in a liquid melting point boiling point color density electrical conductivity physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Physical properties examples. Solubility physical state boiling point color

Chemical Properties Chemical properties are those that can be observed only when there is a change in the composition of the substance.

Chemical Properties Chemical properties are those that can be observed only when there is a change in the composition of the substance. Rusting is a chemical reaction in which iron combines with oxygen to form a new substance, iron oxide.

Chemical Properties Chemical properties are those that can be observed only when there is a change in the composition of the substance. Rusting is a chemical reaction in which iron combines with oxygen to form a new substance, iron oxide. Inability to react is also a chemical property.

Basic Assessment Questions Question 1 Identify each of the following as either a compound or a mixture. A. sand B. water C. juice

Basic Assessment Questions Answers A. sand B. water C. juice mixture compound mixture

Basic Assessment Questions Classify each of the following as a chemical or physical property. Question 2 A. density B. reactivity C. color D. melting point

Basic Assessment Questions Answers A. density B. reactivity C. color D. melting point physical property chemical property physical property

A farmer compares how his crops grow with and without phosphorous fertilizers. independent variable: dependent variable: Question 3 Assessment Questions

A farmer compares how his crops grow with and without phosphorous fertilizers. independent variable: presence of phosphorous fertilizer dependent variable: crop growth Question 3 Assessment Questions

A student tests the ability of a given chemical to dissolve in water at three different temperatures. independent variable: dependent variable: Question 4 Assessment Questions

A student tests the ability of a given chemical to dissolve in water at three different temperatures. independent variable: temperature dependent variable: ability to dissolve in water Question 4 Assessment Questions