Nitrosamines and Plant Nutrition Dr. Gary Palmer University of Kentucky.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Dark Tobacco Varieties Andy Bailey. Dark Varieties Newer varieties: –Broader spectrum of disease resistance –More upright growth habit –Increased yield.

Advertisements

Pharos University جامعه فاروس Faculty of Engineering كلية الهندسة Petrochemical Department قسم البتروكيماويات FERTILIZER INDUSTRY LECTURE (1) 1. INTRODUCTION:

TSNA TASK FORCE Presented by Gary Palmer 2002 CORESTA Conference, New Orleans Preliminary Meeting April 18, 2002 F. W. Rickard Seed Farm Winchester, KY.

The nitrogen cycle. Why is the cycle important and what is nitrogen used for? Not many organisms can use nitrogen directly from the air (78%) Recycling.

Dark Tobacco Update Andy Bailey Univ. of KY / Univ. of TN Univ. of KY Research & Education Center, Princeton, KY U.S. Tobacco Forum, July 16-18, 2009,

Agriscience Unit 18: Plant Growth Soil or growing media pH Proper soil or growing media pH will have the most impact on the availability of nutrients.

Screened Seed Dr. Gary Palmer University of Kentucky.

Tobacco Production Update Bob Pearce, Gary Palmer, Andy Bailey Extension Tobacco Specialists Kenny Seebold Extension Plant Pathologist.

Chemical fertilizers as a component of INM in Tomato

The Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles

Fertility Trials Fertility trials included transplant water treatments, nitrogen sources, nitrogen rates and Poultry Litter. Drought overshadowed many.

Ammonia In Nitrogen By: Evelyn Juarez. Nitrogen Fixation Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonium.

The Purpose of a Fertilizer is to Supply Nutrients.

 Water  Nutrition  Temperature (High and Low)  Light and Day Length.

 DO level: 9.8 ppm  Hardness: 110ppm CaCo 3 (this is high due to limestone aquifers, not a bad thing)  Alkalinity: ppm (also high due to limestone.

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Workshop Canopy Reflectance Signatures: Developing a Crop Need-Based Indicator for Sidedress Application of N Fertilizer to Canola.

TSNA Sub-group Storage sub-committee Report Agronomy/Phytopathology Study Group Meeting - October 2007 Krakow, Poland Selected data from two reports Presented.

Topping. Why does a plant have leaves? As a store for seed production As a store for seed production.

Conducting Experimental Trials Gary Palmer. Scientific Method  Formulation of Hypothesis  Planning an experiment to objectively test the hypothesis.

Burley Variety Update. Burley Tobacco Variety Trial Across 5 Locations – 3 Grades Locations: Bath, Elliot, Henry, Lincoln, & Spencer Counties.

Growing Burley Tobacco in a Post Buyout Environment Dr. Gary Palmer Dr. Bob Pearce Dr. Andy Bailey University of Kentucky.

Burley Tobacco Update Dr. Bob Pearce Extension Tobacco Specialist 2014 ANR Agent Update Winchester, Kentucky October 14, 2014.

 Soil Fertility  Ability of a soil to provide nutrients for plant growth  Involves storage and availability of nutrients  Vital to a productive soil.

Food Preservatives and Dyes Carl Schroedl. Preservatives Preservation aims to prevent the development of rancid, moldy or otherwise unconsumable food.

Fertility Trials Increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer beyond 150 lb/a can lower soil pH but does not necessary increase yield. Burley tobacco fertilized.

Experiments conducted by RICEMAPP

Soil Respiration Unit: Soil Science. Objectives O Define: soil respiration and soil microbes O Explain the role of soil respiration in determining soil.

Temperature Measured with a thermometer Units are ◦C

PRODUCING PLANTS CHAPTER 9 AGRISCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CHAPTER 9 AGRISCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.

Determining the Most Effective Growth Stage in Corn Production for Spectral Prediction of Grain Yield and Nitrogen Response Department of Plant and Soil.

BURLEY TOBACCO VARIETIES. Relative Disease Resistance, Yield Scores, And MaturityVariety Black Shank VirusComplexBlack Root Rot TMVFusariumWiltYieldMaturity.

Fertilization in Vegetables Crops IDEA-NEW. Soils Eastern Region, soil types include: 1. Sandy clay loam soils 2. Coarse-sandy soils Sandy soils, Advantages.

Growing Burley Tobacco in a Post Buyout Environment Dr. Gary Palmer University of Kentucky.

Unit Factors Affecting Nitrates in Groundwater.. 1. Examine the processes of the nitrogen cycle. 2. Identify the source for most chemical nitrogen fertilizers.

BELLRINGER  1. Write out the word for each chemical formula  NO3  NH3  NO2  N2  2.Why is the nitrogen cycle important to aquaponics?

Role and Deficiency symptoms of “Phosphorous” in Banana End Next.

Fertility & Curing Studies Studies were designed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) rate, N source and curing on TSNA formation in burley tobacco.

Herbicides Trials The Fayette Co. herbicide trial was severely affected by weather, but weed control trends are evident in the weed pressure rating. Command.

Characteristics of Major Varieties. HB04P LC– hybrid Developed in Brazil Developed in Brazil  By Profigen do Brazil Advantages Advantages  High yield.

Insecticide Trials Insecticide residues are of major concern in the tobacco industry. Some tobacco companies has stipulated in their contract that specific.

Soybeans!!!. Soil Fertility -pH of 6.2 to 7.0 -pH controls: lime (acid), anhydrous ammonia (base) -Potassium lbs. per acre -Phosphorous -.8 lbs.

Herbicide Trials 2002 Only one herbicide trail was conducted. Conditions were dry with heavy weed pressure which can be seen by the dramatic effect of.

CAAP Agricultural Policy Analysis Center - University of Tennessee Morgan Hall - Knoxville, TN phone: (865)

Overview of Burley Tobacco Production in the USA

Organic Tobacco Production Overview Matthew Vann Extension Associate Department of Crop Science.

Fertilizer Trials Two fertilizer trials were conducted in One in Clinton Co. and one in Brown Co., Ohio. Sources of nitrogen were compared. The effects.

Soil Bulk Density Unit: Soil Science. Objectives O Define: ammonification, available water holding capacity, nitrification, bulk density, denitrification,

Chemical fertilizers as a component of INM in Tomato.

University Update Tennessee and Kentucky Burley and Dark Tobacco Paul Denton Burley Extension Specialist University of Tennessee University of Kentucky.

TSNA Task Force in Air-Cured Tobacco Report CORESTA Joint Agronomy/Phytopathology Study Group Meeting Bucharest, Romania 13 October 2003.

Durum and HRSW Best Management Practices A “Real-World” Perspective.

Philip Morris TFPP Program. Top Ten Ways to Increase Returns, Improve Yield, and Maintain Quality Gary Palmer.

LATE SEASON N APPLICATIONS FOR IRRIGATED HARD RED WHEAT PROTEIN ENHANCEMENT. S.E. Petrie*, Oregon State Univ, B.D. Brown, Univ. of Idaho. Introduction.

Fungicides Trials Wayne Growth Regulators done. Black Shank Fungicide Trial Harrison Co. – Ronnie Franklin Farm 7/16/2003.

2/6/ Moisture Relationships. – Amount of moisture affects the following: Density: particle density decreases with increasing moisture content Force-deformation.

NC STATE UNIVERSITY Mitch Smith County Extension Director Burley Tobacco Production Update February 20, 2008.

The Nitrogen Cycle By: Reynaldo Thomas.  Nitrogen is an essential element needed for protein formation.  The air around us contain approximately 79%

Fungicides Trials Blue mold did not occur in test plots and incidence in the Kentucky was very low. Black shank was the worst it had been in three years.

Nitrate Sources and Nitrate Loading. Historical Yield of Burley Tobacco in Kentucky.

Unit Animal Science. Problem Area Aquaculture Lesson Microbial Cycling of Nitrogen.

Environmental Requirements for Good Plant Growth

Unit 13: Chemical Industry

Nitrogen Fixation.

The Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles

INNOVATIVE RICE PRODUCTION

Notes: The Nitrogen Cycle

Variety Trials 2006 Weather, as usual, was of significant influence on variety trials in Kentucky during All varieties performed exceptional well.

NITROGEN FROM AIR. Learning Outcomes Introduce the Composition of Air Introduce the Separation of Gases from Air Introduce the Nitrogen Cycles Describe.

France - 15% on cured leaf; 10% on plants for breeder’s seed

Presentation transcript:

Nitrosamines and Plant Nutrition Dr. Gary Palmer University of Kentucky

What are Nitrosamine? Nitrogen containing compounds that are know to have a potential affect on cancer Nitrogen containing compounds that are know to have a potential affect on cancer Those occurring in tobacco are specific to tobacco Those occurring in tobacco are specific to tobacco TSNA ( Tobacco Specific NitrosAmines ) TSNA ( Tobacco Specific NitrosAmines ) Occur during curing Occur during curing Increase during storage of cured leaf Increase during storage of cured leaf

Major Factors that Influence TSNA Accumulation Curing Conditions Curing Conditions Related to rate of curing and moisture content Related to rate of curing and moisture content Storage Storage Related to moisture content and nitrogenous compounds Related to moisture content and nitrogenous compounds Nitrogen Fertilization Nitrogen Fertilization Rate? Rate? Source? Source? Varietal Differences Varietal Differences Nornicotine Nornicotine Nornicotine can Nornicotine can

Effect of 250 lb/a Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nicotine, Nitrate, Nitrite and TSNA Accumulation in Air-Cured Tobacco Lamina Fertilizer treatment nicotineNO3-NNO2-NTSNA %ppm 0 (control) transplant midseason topping

Nitrogen Source Study Harrison Co. – Keith Smith Farm 112 kg/ha AN Broadcast Sidedressed with 168 kg/ha each, AN = Ammonium Nitrate, U= Urea, CN = Calcium Nitrate, SN = Sodium Nitrate

Nitrate & Nitrite levels from different N sources Harrison Co. – Keith Smith Farm 112 kg/ha AN Broadcast Sidedressed with 168 kg/ha each, AN = Ammonium Nitrate, U= Urea, CN = Calcium Nitrate, SN = Sodium Nitrate LaminaMid-rib

Nitrosamine levels from different N sources Harrison Co. – Keith Smith Farm 112 kg/ha AN Broadcast Sidedressed with 168 kg/ha each, AN = Ammonium Nitrate, U= Urea, CN = Calcium Nitrate, SN = Sodium Nitrate Lamina Mid-rib

Fertility Trial Jackson Co. – Mike Huff Farm Number = kg of product/ha, AN = Ammonium Nitrate, CN = Calcium Nitrate, SN = Sodium Nitrate Broadcast Sidedress

Nitrosamine levels from different N sources Jackson Co. – Mike Huff Farm Number = lbs of product, AN = Ammonium Nitrate, CN = Calcium Nitrate, SN = Sodium Nitrate Broadcast Sidedress LaminaMid-rib

Nitrosamine levels from different N sources Jackson Co. – Mike Huff Farm Number = lbs of product, AN = Ammonium Nitrate, CN = Calcium Nitrate, SN = Sodium Nitrate Broadcast Sidedress Lamina Mid-rib

Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Burley Yield Madison Co. – Gregg Harris Farm All plots received 450 lb/a Ammonium Nitrate Broadcast followed by the remainder of the nitrogen shortly after transplanting. AN = Ammonium Nitrate is a calcium/potassium nitrate mix 161

Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Burley Yield Shelby Co. – Gilbert Ray Tucker, Jr. Farm All plots received 450 lb/a Ammonium Nitrate Broadcast followed by the remainder of the nitrogen shortly after transplanting. AN = Ammonium Nitrate, MS=mid-season, LS=late season. Adding 714 lb/a significantly improved yield over 450 lb/a alone

Influence of Seed Source on TSNA Levels

Screening Air-cured Varieties for Nornicotine Conversion High levels of the nornicotine increases chance for high TSNA levels A variety may have a high number of converters in a population Conversion is Chemical Change of Nicotine to Nornicotine By selection of non-converters, a “clean” line can be established

Ethephon Treatment

Screening (3%)

Effect of Screening Lowers mean conversion does not necessarily eliminate all converter plants most dramatic with high converters reduced effect with low converters

Effect of screening 82 Unscreened Screened TN 90 VA

Bottom Line Screened seed lower nornicotine will HELP reduce TSNAs – no guarantee enable growers to meet manufacturers needs Need to identify screened seedlots can only do this by renaming screened varieties

“ “LC” Varieties Screened varieties Re-released as “LC” varieties “LC” varieties available to growers in 2005 TN 90LC, TN 86LC, TN 97LC, KT 200LC, KY 907LC NO difference except for conversion Same for yield, quality, disease resistance TN 90 “LC” is still TN 90

Accumulation of TSNA during Storage

Air-curing experiments have shown that a substantial nitrite production during air- curing does not necessarily lead to high levels of TSNA in cured tobacco. pH of the cured tobacco = 6 Not an effective pH for reaction between alkaloids and nitrite Other Nitrogenous compound may react with alkaloids even under dry conditions

Avoiding TSNA accumulation during storage of cured tobacco Good curing process with as low nitrite formation as possible Tobacco in the bales should not be packed too tightly Allows ventilation of nitrogenous compounds into atmosphere Instead of reacting with alkaloids Moisture content in the bales should be as low as possible Prevent any chemical reactions and microbial growth