IIIIIIIV The Mole I. Molar Conversions

A. What is the Mole? n A counting unit n Similar to a dozen, except instead of 12, it’s 602 billion trillion 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 n 6.02 X (in scientific notation) n This number is named in honor of n Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856) n Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856),

n 1 mole of hockey pucks would equal the mass of the moon! A. What is the Mole? n 1 mole of pennies would cover the Earth 1/4 mile deep! n 1 mole of basketballs would fill a bag the size of the earth!

How does a Mole relate? n 1 Mole of anything has 6.02 x particles n If I had 1 mol of cookies, how many cookies would I have? n If I had 1 mol of cars, how many cars would I have? n If I had 1 mol of Aluminum, how many atoms I have? n Note that the NUMBER is always the same, but the MASS is very different!

1 mole of Carbon = 6.02 x atoms (Individual elements are measured in atoms) 1 mole of H 2 O= 6.02 x molecules (Covalent compounds are measured in molecules) 1 mole of NaCl = 6.02 x “formula units” (Ionic compounds are measured in ions) 6.02 x Na + ions and 6.02 x Cl – ions The “Units” of Moles

1. Number of atoms in mole of Al a) 500 Al atoms b) 6.02 x Al atoms c) 3.01 x Al atoms 2.Number of moles of S in 1.8 x S atoms a) 1.0 mole S atoms b) 3.0 mole S atoms c) 1.1 x mole S atoms Learning Check

Molar Mass n Describes the mass (how heavy) 1 mole of an element or compound is. n Atomic mass tells the:  Atomic Mass Units (AMU), Used to determine the mass of a single element.  Grams per mole (g/mol), used to describe the mass of one mole of a chemical compound. n Typically rounded to 2 decimal places

Find the molar mass – Round to two decimal places. It is important for significant digits! Learning Check! A.1 mole of Br atoms B.1 mole of Sn atoms =79.90 g/mol = g/mol

Molar Mass Examples for molecules and compounds: n Water n sodium chloride H2OH2O  2(1.01) = g/mol  NaCl  = g/mol

A. Molar Mass of K 2 O = ? g/mol B. Molar Mass for Al(OH) 3 = ? Learning Check!

Molar Conversions (Road Map) molar mass (g/mol) Gram Gardens Mole Island Particle Palace 6.02  (particles/mol)

Grams to Moles n How many moles of carbon are in 26 g of carbon? 26 g C 1 mol C g C = 2.2 mol C

Grams to Moles n How many moles of oxygen are in 85 g of Oxygen? 85 g O 1 mol O g O = 5.3 mol O

Moles to Grams n How many grams of oxygen are in 0.25 moles of oxygen? 0.25 mol O g O 1 mol O = 4.0 grams O

Moles to Grams n How many grams of carbon are in 3.45 moles of carbon? 3.45 mol C g C 1 mol C = 41.4 grams C

Moles to Particles n How many molecules are in 2.50 moles of C 12 H 22 O 11 ? 2.50 mol 6.02  molecules 1 mol = 1.51  molecules C 12 H 22 O 11

Particles to Moles n How many moles are in x molecules of HCl? 1 mol  molecules 6.02  molecules = Moles HCl