ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Uniqueness of carbon Can form multiples bonds to itself and with other atoms of other elements The strength of the C-C and C-H bond.

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Presentation transcript:

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Uniqueness of carbon Can form multiples bonds to itself and with other atoms of other elements The strength of the C-C and C-H bond Carbon can form chains and rings Carbon cannot expand its octet of valence electrons

Alkanes A homologous series General formula ? Boiling points Structural isomers Reactions

Functional Groups Alcohols Halogenoalkanes Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic Acids Esters Aromatic compounds

ALKENES Addition reactions Test for unsaturation ? With hydrogen halides With water With themselves Margerine

Alcohols Combustion Oxidation of functional group using potassium dichromate (VI) Oxidation number changes Primary, secondary tertiary Questions 1,2 and 3 on page 273.

Halogenoalkanes Susceptible to attack by nucleophiles Nucleophilic substitution Sn 1 mechanism Rate = k [R-X] Heterolitic fission

Another Mechanism Sn 2 Rate determining step is bimolecular Transition state is activated complex Rate = k [R-X][OH] Primary usually Sn 2, Tertiary usually Sn 1. Questions page 274