© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of Organizing the Elements In a self-service store, the products are grouped according to similar characteristics. With a logical classification system, finding and comparing products is easy. You will learn how elements are arranged in the periodic table and what that arrangement reveals about the elements.

Slide 2 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle Chemists used the properties of elements to sort them into groups. 6.1

Slide 3 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very similar chemical properties. 6.1

Slide 4 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass. Here is an early version. 6.1 Cl, Br, and I are grouped together with what element?

Slide 5 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. 6.1

Slide 6 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law The periodic law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties. The properties change as you move across a period from left to right. The pattern repeats as you move from one period to the next. 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 7 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Across a period, the properties of elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic. 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 8 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 9 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 10 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 11 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

Slide 12 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals Metals are good conductors of heat and electric current. 80% of elements are metals. Metals have a high luster, are ductile, and are malleable. 6.1

Slide 13 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum 6.1

Slide 14 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum 6.1

Slide 15 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum 6.1

Slide 16 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Nonmetals In general, nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current. Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature. A few nonmetals are solids, such as sulfur and phosphorus. One nonmetal, bromine, is a dark-red liquid. 6.1

Slide 17 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metalloids A metalloid generally has properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals. The behavior of a metalloid can be controlled by changing conditions. 6.1

Slide 18 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids If a small amount of boron is mixed with silicon, the mixture is a good conductor of electric current. Silicon can be cut into wafers, and used to make computer chips. 6.1