Chemistry Chapter 6/7 Notes #1 Periodic Table LaVigne

History of the Periodic Table Antoine LaVoisier 1790’s Complied a list of the 23 known elements at the time… Most of the 23 had been known since as early as prehistoric times

History of the Periodic Table John Newlands 1864 Provided an organizational scheme for elements Ordered by increasing atomic mass Repetition in props every 8 elements Rows of 7 “Law of octaves” 1 st and 8 th elements = similar properties 2 nd and 9 th elements = similar properties

History of the Periodic Table Lothar Meyer(German)/ Dmitri Mendeleev (Russian) 1869 Noticed connection between atomic mass and properties Mendeleev gets more credit – he got published first- AND could better demonstrate the tables usefulness Mendeleev was able to predict the properties of undiscovered elements

History of the Periodic Table Henry Moseley 1913 Found slight problems with Mendeleev’s periodic table Arranged elements in order of atomic number instead of atomic mass Flip-flopped some elements (Ex – Cu and Zn) Resulted in clear patterns and properties

History of the Periodic Table Periodic Law There is a periodic pattern (repetition) of chemical and physical properties of the elements when arranged by increasing atomic number

Element Classification Metals High luster (Shiny) Malleable Ductile Good conductors of heat and electricity Generally solid at room temp Left Side of the periodic Table Periodic Table

MetalsMetals NonmetalsMetalloidsNonmetalsMetalloids

Element Classification Nonmetal Right side on the periodic table Mostly gas at room temp Solid nonmetals are generally dull & brittle Poor conductors Periodic Table

Element Classification Metalloids Classified as nonmetals with some metallic properties But, under certain conditions can conduct Therefore, we generally put this small group of elements into their own group Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, and Tellurium, Polonium, and Astinine Periodic Table

Representative Elements Groups 1 – 8 (1A – 8A) They represent a wide range of chemical and physical properties. Metals, nonmetals, metalloids All states at room temp. Groups 1B – 8B = Transition Elements

Families in the Representative Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Halogens Noble Gases

Families Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metal Transition Noble Gas Halogens Other Elements Alkali MetalsAlkaline Earth MetalTransition Noble GasHalogensOther Elements

Transition Metals The 10 wide center block of elements Many are found as a free metal Much less reactive than groups 1 and 2 Share Properties Little variation in size and shape Periodic Table

Inner Transition Metals Inner Transition Elements Bottom section pulled out from table Lanthanide Series- elements follow the element Lanthanum (sometimes part of the group) Actinide Series- elements follow the element actinium (actinium is sometimes considered to be part of the group) Periodic Table