Railways Systems: Applications HSI beyond DoD Dr. Jen Narkevicius Jenius LLC Dr. Jen Narkevicius Jenius LLC Human Systems Integration

2 Attention to Human Error National Rail Safety Action Plan –Fatigue Risk Management Program –Close Calls Reporting System But... Not Addressing Design Induced Error in a Meaningful Way Until Now.

3 Design-Induced Errors Human Errors that Occur as a Result of Interacting with Systems that Were Designed with Little Consideration for Human Abilities and Limitations. Errors Produced as a Result of Lack of Utilization of Error Reducing Design Approaches (i.e. Redundancy, Feedback, Intuitiveness, Easy Recovery From Input Errors, etc.)

4 Introducing Technology Safely Safe Introduction of New Railroad Technologies Upgrade of Existing Technologies Without Compromising Safety Efficient Use of Technology (Promotes Rail Commerce)

5 There is No Such Thing as an Unmanned System

6 Technology Process Lack of Standardization in How Technology is Introduced in the Railroad Industry. Is There a Method or Process to Examine Possible Risks and Limitations of the Technology? Product Safety Plan? How we introduce technology can directly affect human error and safety. affect human error and safety.

7 What is HSI? interdisciplinary technical and management processes integrating human considerations essential enabler "Human Systems Integration: interdisciplinary technical and management processes for integrating human considerations within and across all system elements; an essential enabler to systems engineering practice. INCOSE

8 Where We Have Been… Hardware Software

9 HSI is the component of SE that focuses on Human Manpower Human Factors Habitability Personnel Training System Safety Occupational Health Retention QOL Environment QOS Scheduling Personnel Survivability Recruiting Human Factors* Manpower Personnel Training Survivability Habitability ESOH (Environment, Safety, Occupational Health) Human Factors* Manpower Personnel Training Survivability Habitability ESOH (Environment, Safety, Occupational Health) * HFE is the direct input to SE

Simplified SE V 10 Requirements Specification Design Integration Implementation Users requirements to perform Details to meet user needs Potential solution incorporating users, hardware, software, and organizational structures Working the components and subsystems together to achieve the need System that services the initially stated user requirements

11 HSI Impacts on Capability & Cost Increased Operator Capability Match Manpower and Personnel to Tasks Optimize the Human Interface Maximize Availability Total Life Cycle Cost HSI permits increased capability while reducing cost OPERATING CAPACITY Desired Performance Minimal Performance COSTCOST Reduce Manpower Reduce Skill Levels Reduce Training Reduce Tasks Reduce Mishaps Reduce Injuries Reduce Deaths Reduce Life Cycle Cost Adjusted Total Life Cycle Cost with HSI Cost Avoidance

12 What You Dont See… You Dont See the Hidden Costs Related to Training, Manpower, or Error-Inducing Designs. Human Factors are Part of the System. Poor Integration of Humans Into Advanced Technology is Costly.

13 Why the Interest/Expectations Disciplined, Unified, and Interactive Approach Incorporate Human Considerations into System Design Domains are Interdependent and Addressed Together Improve Total System Performance Not Just One Piece Improve Operational Effectiveness and Suitability Reduce Total Cost of Ownership Incorporate Processes and Structures to Improve Performance by Improving Performance of all the Parts of the System

14 Simulation and Modeling Help Derive Human and System Requirements Use Lab Tools Across HSI Elements for integrated solution Simulation and Modeling Help Derive Human and System Requirements Use Lab Tools Across HSI Elements for integrated solution Develop a Feasible Solution Initial Design and Human Requirements Cab Technology Integration Lab

15 Deliver Systems that Meet Operational Requirements (not just tech requirements) Trade offs and Final Requirements Model Acceptable? Iterative Process Re-run Human Task Network Requirements Document Final Design Requirements Final MPT Requirements Model Acceptable Human Task Network

16 CTIL Lab Components… Building an HSI/SE Lab

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18 HSI Returns Leverages Research and Analysis to Optimize Investment Decision-Making to Yield Greater Return on Investment Direct testing of requirements, design, and implementation Improved Safety Better Performance Manpower Cost savings

19 HSI Way Ahead National Rail Safety Plan increasing safety and efficiency across the System HSI in Product Safety Plans Improved Manning of New and Existing Train Systems HSI Brings the Human Factors/Element into the Mix for Rulemaking, Systems Operation, and Operational Work Addresses Human Element in PTC, RCL, Close Call Reporting Systems (CCRS)