Period 1

ER Is the site where liquid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materials that exported from the cell. Network of tunnels throughout the cell. Two kinds = Smooth & Rough (= bumpy because it has ribosomes attached)

Golgi Apparatus To modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. Located near the cell wall. May also be called “Golgi Body.”

Nucleus Contains nearly all the cells DNA. The coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules Molecules move through the nuclear pores to and from the rest of the cell The nucleolus is where the assembly of ribosomes begins Located anywhere in the cell.

Mitochondria Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. Its found in the eukaryotic cells, and plant cells. And is enclosed by two membrane.

Chloroplast Chloroplast collects energy form sunlight and turns it into chemical energy called photosynthesis The chloroplast is located in plants and some insects. Located by two membranes and inside the organelle are stacks of membranes which contains the green pigment chlorophyll

Ribosomes Ribosomes make protein. Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm and also attached to rough ER.

Cytoskeleton The Cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape. Also involved in movement. Microfilaments and microtubles make up the cytoskeleton. Located near the nucleus.

Lysosomes The clean-up crew Small organelles filled with enzymes Breaks down proteins, carbs, and lipids into molecules for the cell to use Can cause serious human illness

Cilia Cilia is used for both feeding and movement Cilia is located outside of the cell, they surround the cell completely and are short Examples: Found in unicellular organisms that live in both fresh and salt water (animal)

Flagella Used for movement Whip-like structure Located outside cell

Vacuole Stores water, salt, proteins & carbohydrates Supports cell Found in some single celled organisms Helps with homeostasis Long and located centrally Always in plants & sometimes animals

Period 3

ER ER is shorter for Endoplasmic Reticulum. ER is included in the, synthesis of proteins is called rough ER (has ribosomes & looks rough). Smoother ER contains collections of enzymes that perform special tasks. Movement of materials through cell. Membrane; throughout cell

Golgi Apparatus The function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort and package protein and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cells or secretion outside the cell. Wave appearance in the near the cell membrane (edge) of both animal and plant cells.

Nucleus Contains the cells DNA Located in the middle of the cell Looks like a bouncy ball Chromatin (the granular material in the nucleus) surrounds the nucleolus

Mitochondria Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cells to use Found in the outer edge of the cell Almost looks like a kidney

Chloroplast Mostly found in plant cells Capture the energy from sun light and convert it into chemical energy (Photosynthesis) Surrounded by Membranes

Ribosomes Ribosomes make protein. Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm and also attached to rough ER.

Cytoskeleton The Cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape. Also involved in movement. Microfilaments and microtubles make up the cytoskeleton. Located near the nucleus.

Lysosomes Small organelles filled with enzymes They digest & break down lipids, carbs, etc. Removes junk that clutters cell Medium sized, like mitochondria If it fails, cell dies.

Cilia Short hairlike projection similar to a flagellum. Produces movement in cells, found on the outside of the cell wall. Propels cells rapidly through the water Only in animal cells

Flagella Flagella are long whiplike projections that allow cell to move through their aquatic environments It looks like a long tail on the backside of the cell Only found in animal cells

Vacuole They store materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates They’re found in both plants and animals Has a sack-like structure Found near the middle of the cell One of the biggest structures in the cell

Period 5

ER The internal membrane in the Eukaryotic cells Endoplasmic Reticulum Lipid component assemble, proteins and other materials exported Wrapped around the nucleus Two varieties: – Smooth – no ribosomes – Rough – has ribosomes embedded

Golgi Apparatus Modifies & sorts packaged proteins from the ER for storage Looks like a stack of closely opposed membranes Puts finishing touch on proteins

Nucleus Contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules Surrounded by nuclear envelope

Mitochondria Organelles that convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Enclosed by two membranes In all eukaryotic cells (plant and animal)

Chloroplast Converts sun energy into chemical energy Biologically equivalent to a solar power plant Surrounded by membranes Only in plant cell Green

Ribosomes A small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled Made up of RNA and proteins They produce proteins by following coded instructions from the nucleus Each ribosome is a small machine

Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments that help cell maintain shape Also involved in movement

Lysosomes Part of cleaning crew and breaking down organelles Free-roaming Tay-sachs linked to lysosomes

Cilia Enables the cell to move Its located outside the cell

Flagella Flagella's are long, whip like, projections that allow a cell to move. Example: Animal protests that swim using the flagella are classified which are referred to the Zooflagellas.

Vacuole Store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates in plants Pressure of central vacuole helps the plant to support heavy leaves and flowers Also found in single-cell organisms and some animals Contractile vacuole work by pumping water out of a cell

Period 6

ER ER = Endoplasmic reticulum Assembles proteins; like a hallway for the cell Two varieties: – Smooth – Rough (= has ribosomes and therefore looks rough)

Golgi Apparatus Modifies, sorts and packages proteins

Nucleus Contains cell’s DNA Composed of two membranes

Mitochondria Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored into food into usable energy Has two membranes inside Kidney bean shaped

Chloroplast Converts sunlight into chemical energy Green in color Only found in plant cells

Ribosomes Make protein (the main product/output of cell) Found in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER Very small

Cytoskeleton A network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape. Involved in movement and supports the cell. Inside and everywhere in the cell Sandwich like form

Lysosomes Lysosomes are a clean up crew for the body Made up of small chemicals called the enzymes One function is to digest liquids and food

Cilia Short hair like projections similar to flagella Cilia is used for feeding and movement

Flagella Plural of flagellum Long whiplike projections allow cell to move Looks like a tiny tail Used by animal-like protists that use flagella to swim (usually having one or two)

Vacuole Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates It’s found in plants. And some animals and single celled organisms It’s one of the biggest organelles