Job design and work organization Chapter 9a Job design and work organization Source: Bettman/Corbis

The elements of job design

The objectives of job design quality of working life quality speed dependability flexibility cost health and safety Job impacts on design

Job design Some influences on job design and work organization Division of labour Flexible working Scientific management Job design Team working Ergonomics Empowerment Behavioural approaches

Evolution of Job Design Scientific Management/Assembly Lines 1900s to 1960s Scientific Management/Assembly Lines Task specialisation Minimal worker skills Repetition Minimal job training Mass production Piece-rate wages Time as efficiency Minimal job responsibility Tight supervisory control

Evolution of Job Design 1970s to 2000s Horizontal job enlargement Vertical job enlargement Job responsibility and empowerment Training and education Job rotation Higher skill levels Team problem solving Employee involvement and integration Focus on quality

These elements of job design can be used to help analyse a particular job situation Worker Analysis Task Analysis Environmental Analysis

Task Analysis Task sequence Function of tasks Frequency of tasks Description of tasks Task sequence Function of tasks Frequency of tasks Relationship with other jobs/tasks Performance Information requirements Control requirements Error possibilities Task duration(s) Equipment requirements

Worker Analysis Capability requirements Performance requirements Skill level Physical requirements Mental stress Boredom / Motivation Level of responsibility Quality responsibility Empowerment level

Environmental Analysis Work place location Process location Temperature and humidity Lighting Ventilation Safety Logistics Space requirements Noise