Pentateuch 2: Out of Egypt Exodus, Leviticus, & Numbers

Structure of the Book of Exodus I. Birth and Call of Moses  Sargon, Moses, and Luke Skywalker

Structure of the Book of Exodus 1. Sargon, the mighty king, king of Akkadê am I, 2. My mother was lowly; my father I did not know; 3. The brother of my father dwelt in the mountain. 4. My city is Azupiranu, which is situated on the bank of the Purattu [Euphrates], 5. My lowly mother conceived me, in secret she brought me forth. 6. She placed me in a basket of reeds, she closed my entrance with bitumen, 7. She cast me upon the rivers which did not overflow me. 8. The river carried me, it brought me to Akki, the irrigator. 9. Akki, the irrigator, in the goodness of his heart lifted me out, 10. Akki, the irrigator, as his own son brought me up

Structure of the Book of Exodus Moses meets God at the Burning Bush  “Who will I say has sent me?”

“The Plagues” Psalm 78 Rivers to Blood. Swarms of Flies Frogs Caterpillars /Cockroaches Locusts Hail (vines) Frost/Flood Hail (cattle). Thunderbolts /plagues Firstborn. Exodus 7-12 Nile to Blood. Frogs. Gnats Swarms of Flies Cattle plague Boils Hail. LocustsDarkness Firstborn. Psalm 105Darkness Waters to Blood. Frogs. Swarms of Flies Gnats Hail. Locusts Firstborn.

Structure of the Book of Exodus II. Exodus from EgyptII. Exodus from Egypt

DATINGDATING EXODUSEXODUS 1440 B.C. Exodus1250 B.C. Exodus 1. 1 Kings 6:1—480 years from temple 1. Exodus 1:11—Pithom & Ramses 2. Judges 11:26—300 years of occupation 2. Some Archaeology— Hazor, Debir, Lachish 3. Habiru possibly included Hebrews in Amarna letters. 3. Archaeology— settlement patterns in hill country & new settlements in 13 th century. 4. Some archaeology4. Merneptah—1 st mention of “Israel” in 1230 B.C. 5. Merneptah—Israel an established people yrs. (Ex. 12:40) puts patriarchs in Hyksos period.

Structure of the Book of Exodus III.Covenant at Sinai (Ex 19) Historical Prologue Stipulations Ten Commandments— Apodictic Law “The Covenant Code”— Casuistic Law Ratification

Structure of the Book of Exodus IV.Tabernacle (25-30, 35-40) God’s Presence

The Tabernacle

Structure of the Book of Exodus V.Broken and Renewed Covenant (32-34) Rebellion, Idolatry, & Broken Tablets Renewal of Covenant following judgment

Theological Themes in Exodus God’s Choice

Theological Themes in Exodus God’s Care Covenant and Law –The grace of the covenant –The threat of the covenant –The promise of the covenant

Theological Themes in Exodus Covenant, Law, and missio dei.

Leviticus Purity&Holiness

Outline of Leviticus

Unclean

Outline of Leviticus Ritual Purity (Lev ) Day of Atonement/Yom Kippur (Lev. 16) –Most Holy Place –Goats: Sin Offering and the azazel

Unclean

Outline of Leviticus “Holiness Code” (Lev ) –Purity & Ritual Laws –Brueggemann—Justice vs. Ritual –Calendar Redeeming what belongs to the Lord (Lev. 27)

Unclean

Numbers Into the Wilderness

The Censuses Census of the 1 st Generation (Num ) Census of the 2 nd Generation ( ) The censuses are: –The structure for the book, & –The transition from Egypt to Canaan.

Outline of Numbers Numbers and Arrangements (Num. 1-4) Levites Tent Of Meeting Judah Issachar Zebulun Dan Asher Naphtali Gad Simeon Reuben Benjamin Manasseh Ephraim E>E>

Outline of Numbers Various Laws (Num , ) –The Nazirite (6:1-21)

Outline of Numbers The Cloud above the Tabernacle ( ) From Sinai to Kadesh (Num ) –Complaints, Judgment, Provision

Outline of Numbers Events at Kadesh (Num. 13:1-20:21) –Reconnaissance & Rebellion ( Numbers ) –Korah, Dathan, Abiram (Num. 16) –Priests and Levites (Num ) –Moses’ Sin

Outline of Numbers Kadesh--Plains of Moab ( Num )

Outline of Numbers In the Plains of Moab (Num. 21:21-36:13) –Balak & Balaam (22:1-24:25)

Outline of Numbers In the Plains of Moab (Num. 21:21-36:13) –2 nd Census (26:1-65) –Joshua Commissioned (27:12-23)

Themes of Leviticus & Numbers Holiness

Themes of Leviticus & Numbers Holiness –God is holy –“Unholy” does not necessarily imply sin.

Unclean

Theological Themes—Lev./Num. Purity & Impurity –Boundaries God Blood/Sacrifice Divine Presence Book of Hebrews & Jesus