Essential Question How did America expand its influence around the world in the late 1800s?

US Expansionism

Reasons for Expansionism Need to be involved in world affairs Need for places to invest Need for raw materials (oil, rubber, tin, etc.)

Expansion in the Pacific U.S. looked toward Asia Expanding business markets

Alaska 1867 Purchased from Russia

Hawaii Sugar plantations 1898 – U.S. annexed Hawaii

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

The Spanish-American War

Latin America Important source of trade U.S. concerned with European influence in the region

Yellow Journalism Sensationalist reporting Writers exaggerate or make up stories to attract readers

New York Journal Owned by William Randolph Hearst

New York World Owned by Joseph Pulitzer

Reporting the War in Cuba Stories of Spanish atrocities found in both newspapers Goal = sell more papers Enraged Americans against the Spanish

The Maine Feb. 15, 1898 The ship exploded in the harbor, killing 266 sailors No one knew the source of the explosion

Results of the Explosion The press blamed Spain “Remember the Maine” Congress approved war preparations

Declaration of War April 11, 1898 – McKinley declared war Theodore Roosevelt – assistant secretary of the Navy April 24 – Spain declared war on the U.S.

War on Two Fronts In the Pacific (Philippines) In the Caribbean (Cuba)

Philippines Spanish colony U.S. Navy Commodore George Dewey – destroyed Spanish warships there

Rough Riders Volunteer cavalry unit Included Theodore Roosevelt Assisted in capturing San Juan Hill

Spanish Surrender Spain surrendered two weeks later Americans also occupied the Spanish colony of Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico and Guam Annexed into the United States 1917 – became U.S. citizens with full rights

Cuba Platt Amendment Made Cuba a U.S. protectorate Gave U.S. the right to build a naval station and to intervene to protect Cuba’s independence

Guantanamo Bay

U.S. Control