Ch. 12 Sec. 1 The New Imperialism The New Imperialism

Factors Behind the New Imperialism  Imperialism – the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region  New Imperialism – begins in 1870’s  Industrial Revolution creates needs:  Natural resources (ex. Rubber, petroleum )  New markets to sell goods  A place for Europe’s growing population  Imperialism – the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region  New Imperialism – begins in 1870’s  Industrial Revolution creates needs:  Natural resources (ex. Rubber, petroleum )  New markets to sell goods  A place for Europe’s growing population

Factors continued  Political Issues:  Merchant ships and naval vessels need bases around the world  Nationalism  Need to counter other nations expansion  Ruling a global empire increased prestige and influence  Humanitarian  Duty to spread the blessings of Western civilization  Social Darwinism  Racial superiority justified dominating other societies  Political Issues:  Merchant ships and naval vessels need bases around the world  Nationalism  Need to counter other nations expansion  Ruling a global empire increased prestige and influence  Humanitarian  Duty to spread the blessings of Western civilization  Social Darwinism  Racial superiority justified dominating other societies

Rapid Spread  Africans and Asians strongly resisted Western expansion but:  Older civilizations in decline (Ottoman, Mughal, and Qing) and slave trade weakened  Superior weapons and technology  Machine guns, telegraph, and riverboats  Western educated Africans and Asians organized nationalist movements  Some anti-imperialists emerged in the West  Undemocratic, immoral  Africans and Asians strongly resisted Western expansion but:  Older civilizations in decline (Ottoman, Mughal, and Qing) and slave trade weakened  Superior weapons and technology  Machine guns, telegraph, and riverboats  Western educated Africans and Asians organized nationalist movements  Some anti-imperialists emerged in the West  Undemocratic, immoral

Forms of Imperialism  Direct rule of colonies (French)  Impose French culture and turn into French provinces  Indirect rule of colonies (British)  Used local rulers and encouraged young to get a British education and groom the next generation of leaders  Protectorate  Local rulers left in place but expected to follow European advisers (cost less to run, smaller military commitment)  Sphere of Influence  Outside power claims investment or trading privileges  Direct rule of colonies (French)  Impose French culture and turn into French provinces  Indirect rule of colonies (British)  Used local rulers and encouraged young to get a British education and groom the next generation of leaders  Protectorate  Local rulers left in place but expected to follow European advisers (cost less to run, smaller military commitment)  Sphere of Influence  Outside power claims investment or trading privileges