Chapter 17 Asia in Transition (1368–1868) Mr. C. Dennison Cardinal Hayes HS Bronx, NY

junks Large Chinese ships.

queue Single braid that characterized the hairstyle that all Chinese men were required to wear during the Qing dynasty.

philology History of literature and language.

Hsüan-yeh (shoo·AHN·yeh) Qing ruler who increased the size of the Chinese empire, presided over the civil service examination system and flood control efforts, and constructed grain storehouses in case of famine. He opened Chinese ports to foreign trade and strongly encouraged the introduction of Western education and arts. Hsüan-yeh (shoo·AHN·yeh)

White Lotus Rebellion Peasant rebellion against the Qing dynasty led by the Buddhist cult known as the White Lotus Society.

free trade Practice based on the belief that government should not restrict or interfere with international trade.

extraterritoriality Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live or do business.

unequal treaties Trade treaties that China signed under pressure of invasion, giving Western powers trade benefits.

Conflict from 1839 to 1842 between China and Britain that arose due to Britain’s export of opium to China. Opium War

Treaty of Nanjing Treaty following the Opium War in which China gave Hong Kong to Britain and opened ports to British trade. Chinese name 南京條約

China was “carved” up into ____________ -areas in which one country has a special interest, and other nations agree to respect that interest. spheres of influence

Identify: Russia-Britain-Japan-France Germany?? Left to right – British, German, Russian, France (standing), and Japan. China - hands up, saying, “Stop!”

Taiping Rebellion Revolt in China from 1850 to 1864, led by Hong Xiuquan who, influenced by Christian teachings, declared a mission to establish a new dynasty.

Tàipíng Tiān Guó), namely Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace with capital Nanjing. They gained control of significant parts of southern China, at its height ruling over about 30 million people. They tried to institute several social reforms, such as strict separation of the sexes, abolition of foot binding, land socialization, "suppression" of private trade, and the replacement of Confucianism, Buddhism and Chinese folk religion by a form of Christianity, holding that Hong Xiuquan was the younger brother of Jesus.

consulates Foreign diplomatic offices headed by consuls.

Powerful local lords in feudal Japan. daimyo (dy-mee-oh)

Oda Nobunaga These powerful daimyo established themselves as overlords of the other daimyo and built a centralized feudal system in Japan. The first of these overlords, ___________, started to strengthen his power . Before he could defeat his rivals, however, one of his own vassals attacked him in 1582. Wounded, he committed suicide.

Chinese Toyotomi Hideyoshi succeeded Nobunaga. He sent his army to invade Korea. He wanted to build an empire. At first the Japanese invasion succeeded. As the battles continued, however, a _________ army that was aiding the Koreans pushed Hideyoshi's warriors back to the coast. When Hideyoshi died in 1598, the Japanese left Korea and returned home.

Tokugawa Ieyasu Hideyoshi's most powerful vassal, _________ succeeded him as overlord. He crushed his defeated rivals. He did allow some 250 to 260 daimyo to keep possession of their private lands. However, Ieyasu's actions clearly demonstrated that he was prepared to expand or reduce the size of their territories in the future.

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa family would keep the title of shogun for more than 250 years. They established a government known as the _____________. Image: Nijo Castle. The construction was completed during the reign of Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1626. It was built as the Kyoto residence of the Tokugawa Shoguns.

Commodore Matthew Perry In 1853 President Millard Fillmore of the United States sent __________________ and a powerful naval force to Japan. He had orders to negotiate a treaty that would guarantee the safety of U.S. sailors and open Japanese ports to American trade. A squadron of heavily armed, steam-powered warships sailed into Tokyo Bay on July 8, 1853. In a show of force and dignity, Perry presented a letter from President Fillmore that urged the Japanese to accept the American treaty. Perry promised to return for an answer the following year.

Commodore Matthew C. Perry The American visit sparked controversy within Japan. Some powerful leaders favored military resistance and continued isolation. Others, however, believed that Japan could not hold out against the United States. The shogun, worried about the threat of a naval attack by the Americans, reluctantly agreed to negotiate when Perry returned in 1854.

Treaty of Kanagawa Negotiations between Matthew Perry and Japan in 1854 that permitted trade between the two countries. The Treaty was negotiated and was then signed in a purpose-built house in Yokohama, Japan.

Landing of Commodore Perry, officers & men of the squadron, to meet the Imperial commissioners at Yoku-Hama, July 14, 1853.

The Night Skyline of Yokohama, Japan