World War II: The Rise of Dictators You need your copy of the Cornell Notes. Analyze the cartoon to the right What do you think the old man is talking about? How do you think this is related to the rise of the dictators?

After WWI In the two decades following World War I, a wave of economic and political crises swept the globe. While many people spent the 1920s trying to cope with the uncertainties of the postwar world, by 1929 they suddenly faced a much greater problem. That year, the stock market in the United States crashed. Because so many war-torn nations had come to depend on financial help from America, the stock market’s collapse triggered a worldwide economic depression that left millions around the globe jobless and hungry. In response to the turmoil, some nations turned to fascist dictators, who promised order and stability. Not content to merely rule a country, however, these dictators soon looked to conquer other lands.

The Great Depression Worldwide Economic Depression Long-Term Effects Nazis take control in Germany. Fascists come to power in other countries. (Italy) Democracies try social welfare programs. (US, Great Britain) Japan expands in East Asia. World War II breaks out. America attempts neutrality. Immediate Effects Millions become unemployed worldwide. Businesses go bankrupt. Governments take emergency measures to protect economies. Citizens lose faith in capitalism and democracy. Nations turn toward authoritarian leaders.

End of WWI Treaty of Versailles and reparations Countries had been battlegrounds Huge inflation took place all over Europe Lack of jobs in Italy The Italian Depression Italian loss of territory

Fascists Come to Power in Italy Italy in a deep financial depression after WWI Mussolini promised order and prosperity Introduced “fascism” Fascism: characterized by dictatorship, centralized control of private enterprise, repression of opposition, and extreme nationalism Used “Black Shirts” to impose his rule. Invades Ethiopia Makes a pact with Hitler

The Rise of Militarism SECTION 3 Hitler’s Rise to Power in Germany Hitler claims dictatorial powers; Hitler crushes political opposition. Hitler is appointed chancellor of Germany The Nazi Party wins 40% of the vote in national elections. Hitler’s views win him many supporters.

Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany Weimar Republic politically weak and unpopular Huge inflation Two revolutions against Weimar Republic. Once Hitler tried to seize power unsuccessfully. Went to jail. Huge inflation and Great Depression Hitler forms Nazi Party, promises reform, is elected as Chancellor in 1933 Becomes dictator by 1934

Hitler’s Third Reich Totalitarian State – Nazis controlled all. Huge public works programs Big business and labor under government control Built up military Set aside Versailles Treaty and moved military into the Rhineland Indoctrinated the youth Hitler despised Christianity and began to close churches Jews were persecuted as enemies of the state

Hitler’s Aggression to 1939

Events of World War II Pacific Europe 1936 1937 1938 1931 Japan invades Manchuria March 1936 Hitler marches troops into the Rhineland 1937 1937 Japan invades China April 1937 Germany attacks Guernica, Spain 1938 March 1938 Germany invades Austria September 1938 Germany invades the Sudetenland

Events of World War II Europe Pacific 1939 1940 1941 Aug. 1939 March 1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia Aug. 1939 Nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union Sept. 1939 Germany invades Poland; World War II begins 1940 May 1940 Evacuation of British forces at Dunkirk June 1940 France surrenders; the Battle of Britain begins 1941 December 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. US declares war on Japan.

Europe at WAR

The Alliance System in 1942 Allied Powers Axis Powers Great Britain France USSR United States Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan Hungary