Transportation: Canada’s Circulatory System Chapter 27

Definitions Transportation: movement of people and things from one place to another Transportation: movement of people and things from one place to another Mobility: freedom of movement Mobility: freedom of movement Intercity: movement between cities. For example: an intercity bus between Winnipeg and Regina Intercity: movement between cities. For example: an intercity bus between Winnipeg and Regina Intracity: movement within a city. For example: an intracity bus moves people from their home to school Intracity: movement within a city. For example: an intracity bus moves people from their home to school

Commuter: person who travels daily between home and the place of work Commuter: person who travels daily between home and the place of work Deregulation: removal of regulations controlling certain parts of an industry. For example: deregulation of the airline industry removed rules controlling routes travelled and the price of seats Deregulation: removal of regulations controlling certain parts of an industry. For example: deregulation of the airline industry removed rules controlling routes travelled and the price of seats Bulk Cargoes: things like wheat, coal, gravel and iron ore shipped in loose form rather than in packages. They are usually of low value and must be shipped as cheaply as possible. Bulk Cargoes: things like wheat, coal, gravel and iron ore shipped in loose form rather than in packages. They are usually of low value and must be shipped as cheaply as possible.

Unit Train: train that carries large amounts of only one cargo along a route. For example, coal is carried from the interior of BC to Vancouver for shipment to Japan. Unit Train: train that carries large amounts of only one cargo along a route. For example, coal is carried from the interior of BC to Vancouver for shipment to Japan. Piggyback System: system whereby truck trailers are transported on railway cars Piggyback System: system whereby truck trailers are transported on railway cars

Container: metal box of standard size used for moving freight. The container is loaded at the point of shipment and remains sealed until it reaches its destination. Along the way, it may be moved by truck, train, plane or ship Container: metal box of standard size used for moving freight. The container is loaded at the point of shipment and remains sealed until it reaches its destination. Along the way, it may be moved by truck, train, plane or ship Canal: waterway dug across land on which boats and ships travel Canal: waterway dug across land on which boats and ships travel

Lock: enclosed section in a canal that permits vessels to be raised or lowered to different water levels outside this compartment, either by letting water in or out of the compartment or, in a lift lock, by raising or lowering the water-filled compartment itself Lock: enclosed section in a canal that permits vessels to be raised or lowered to different water levels outside this compartment, either by letting water in or out of the compartment or, in a lift lock, by raising or lowering the water-filled compartment itself Pipeline: line of pipes for carrying gas, oil, or other liquids Pipeline: line of pipes for carrying gas, oil, or other liquids

Figure 27-4, page 395 Describe the amount and coverage of ground transportation in Zone A. Describe the amount and coverage of ground transportation in Zone A. There is continuous ground transportation in Zone A using road and rail.There is continuous ground transportation in Zone A using road and rail. Why is this pattern not surprising to you? Why is this pattern not surprising to you? Because over 90% of Canada’s population is concentrated within this zoneBecause over 90% of Canada’s population is concentrated within this zone

Describe the pattern of surface transport in Zone B. Why do gaps exist? Describe the pattern of surface transport in Zone B. Why do gaps exist? Gaps are obvious in Zone B on the map because there is ground transportation to only a few towns where there is sufficient economic activity and population to justify building a highway or a railroad.Gaps are obvious in Zone B on the map because there is ground transportation to only a few towns where there is sufficient economic activity and population to justify building a highway or a railroad.

With the help of an atlas, explain why surface transport exists to each of the following places: With the help of an atlas, explain why surface transport exists to each of the following places: Inuvik, NWT: Inuvik is the take-off point to the Mackenzie Delta and the Arctic Ocean, where considerable oil and gas exploration has occurred. It is the last settlement before these areas and the administrative centre for the area Inuvik, NWT: Inuvik is the take-off point to the Mackenzie Delta and the Arctic Ocean, where considerable oil and gas exploration has occurred. It is the last settlement before these areas and the administrative centre for the area

Yellowknife, NWT: This is a major mining centre and territorial capital Yellowknife, NWT: This is a major mining centre and territorial capital Fort McMurray, AB: Fort McMurray is the centre of the oil sands industry Fort McMurray, AB: Fort McMurray is the centre of the oil sands industry Lynn Lake, MB: Lynn Lake is a mining community Lynn Lake, MB: Lynn Lake is a mining community Churchill, MB: Churchill is a port facility. Prairie grain can be shipped from here for export to the markets of Europe Churchill, MB: Churchill is a port facility. Prairie grain can be shipped from here for export to the markets of Europe

Moosonee, ON: Moosonee is the service centre for a series of settlements on the shore of James Bay. The railway to Moosonee also brings in tourists on the train known as the Polar Bear Express Moosonee, ON: Moosonee is the service centre for a series of settlements on the shore of James Bay. The railway to Moosonee also brings in tourists on the train known as the Polar Bear Express La Grande Riviere, PQ: the road was built to aid the construction of the hydro-electric facilities built on La Grande Riviere in the 1970s and 1980s La Grande Riviere, PQ: the road was built to aid the construction of the hydro-electric facilities built on La Grande Riviere in the 1970s and 1980s

Churchill Falls, Nfld: The road was built here to service the construction of the hydro-electric facility on the Churchill River. IT will also be a great help in the next few years in the building of a second huge hydro- electric facility on this river Churchill Falls, Nfld: The road was built here to service the construction of the hydro-electric facility on the Churchill River. IT will also be a great help in the next few years in the building of a second huge hydro- electric facility on this river

What would cause new areas to be added to Zone B in the future? What would cause new areas to be added to Zone B in the future? New land transportation facilities would be added in Zone B to service new resource development in the area. For example, a road has been proposed from Yellowknife to Bathurst Inlet on the Arctic Ocean. This road would be built to support the operations of the diamond (and other) mines that exist and are being built in this area.New land transportation facilities would be added in Zone B to service new resource development in the area. For example, a road has been proposed from Yellowknife to Bathurst Inlet on the Arctic Ocean. This road would be built to support the operations of the diamond (and other) mines that exist and are being built in this area.

Why does surface transport not exist in Zone C? Why does surface transport not exist in Zone C? No economic demand for it yetNo economic demand for it yet Resources found in these areas that are developed, such as the Polaris mine, rely on sea and air transportationResources found in these areas that are developed, such as the Polaris mine, rely on sea and air transportation Existence of permafrost makes the building of land transportation costly and difficultExistence of permafrost makes the building of land transportation costly and difficult Exploration for resources does not occur because transportation systems do not exist, but such systems are not built because there are not enough resources to justify building a road or railwayExploration for resources does not occur because transportation systems do not exist, but such systems are not built because there are not enough resources to justify building a road or railway

What alternative transportation methods must be used in these areas? What alternative transportation methods must be used in these areas? Water transportation can be used to move bulky cargoes during the brief navigational seasonsWater transportation can be used to move bulky cargoes during the brief navigational seasons Airplanes must be used at other timesAirplanes must be used at other times Over shorter distances, land transport occurs using snowmobiles in winterOver shorter distances, land transport occurs using snowmobiles in winter

Movement of Goods! What are bulk cargoes? See previous What are bulk cargoes? See previous Rank the various forms of transportation in terms of their suitability to move cargoes. Rank the various forms of transportation in terms of their suitability to move cargoes. ShipShip Pipeline (for oil and gas)Pipeline (for oil and gas) RailRail RoadRoad AirAir

What is a unit train? Why is it an efficient way to move bulk cargoes? What is a unit train? Why is it an efficient way to move bulk cargoes? A unit train carries only one cargo along a fixed route. It uses special cars designed to carry the particular cargo so that it can be loaded and unloaded quickly, and hence more cheaplyA unit train carries only one cargo along a fixed route. It uses special cars designed to carry the particular cargo so that it can be loaded and unloaded quickly, and hence more cheaply

Give three examples of unit-train routes and cargoes. Give three examples of unit-train routes and cargoes. Labrador to the St Lawrence River: iron oreLabrador to the St Lawrence River: iron ore Rocky Mountains to Vancouver: coalRocky Mountains to Vancouver: coal Prairies to Vancouver and Thunder Bay: wheatPrairies to Vancouver and Thunder Bay: wheat Saskatchewan to Vancouver: potashSaskatchewan to Vancouver: potash

Name and describe two methods that have been developed to allow easy transfer of cargo from one method of transportation to another. Name and describe two methods that have been developed to allow easy transfer of cargo from one method of transportation to another. Piggyback system: truck trailers that can be loaded onto rail flatbedsPiggyback system: truck trailers that can be loaded onto rail flatbeds Containers: large metal boxes that can be moved by rail, truck, ship and airContainers: large metal boxes that can be moved by rail, truck, ship and air

How do these methods combine the advantages of the different methods of transportation? How do these methods combine the advantages of the different methods of transportation? These methods take away the necessity of unloading cargo and reloading it piece by piece. As well, the containers can be shipped to the customers’ door with very little chance of theft or damageThese methods take away the necessity of unloading cargo and reloading it piece by piece. As well, the containers can be shipped to the customers’ door with very little chance of theft or damage

Outline the four different regions in which ships are used to move cargo in Canada. Outline the four different regions in which ships are used to move cargo in Canada. West Coast: Used for destinations in the Pacific RimWest Coast: Used for destinations in the Pacific Rim Outgoing cargoes include lumber, coal, potash and wheat: incoming cargoes include containers of freight and motor vehiclesOutgoing cargoes include lumber, coal, potash and wheat: incoming cargoes include containers of freight and motor vehicles

East Coast: Halifax, Saint John and Montreal are used for a variety of cargoes that contain more container freight and less bulk cargo East Coast: Halifax, Saint John and Montreal are used for a variety of cargoes that contain more container freight and less bulk cargo St Lawrence Seaway: This series of canals and locks link the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, and allow ships from the Atlantic Ocean to reach Lake Superior. It is important for the movement of bulk cargoes from one part of the Great Lakes basin to another. It is also used for importing container freight. St Lawrence Seaway: This series of canals and locks link the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, and allow ships from the Atlantic Ocean to reach Lake Superior. It is important for the movement of bulk cargoes from one part of the Great Lakes basin to another. It is also used for importing container freight.

Canada’s Far North: Freight must be moved by either air or water as distances are great, the climate is harsh, and land transport is not available. Water is used where possible. The Mackenzie River, for example, is used for shipment of bulk cargoes of oil products, building materials, machinery, and year-long supplies of groceries for residents Canada’s Far North: Freight must be moved by either air or water as distances are great, the climate is harsh, and land transport is not available. Water is used where possible. The Mackenzie River, for example, is used for shipment of bulk cargoes of oil products, building materials, machinery, and year-long supplies of groceries for residents

What types of cargo are carried by airplanes? Why? What types of cargo are carried by airplanes? Why? Cargoes carried by airplanes tend to be small, of high value, perishable, and/or needed quickly. The considerable expense of air transport is weighed against these constraints.Cargoes carried by airplanes tend to be small, of high value, perishable, and/or needed quickly. The considerable expense of air transport is weighed against these constraints.