The Inner Planets. Mercury Small Weak gravitational force No atmosphere Many craters.

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Presentation transcript:

The Inner Planets

Mercury

Small Weak gravitational force No atmosphere Many craters

Caloris Basin - one giant crater (1000 miles in diameter) Caloris Basin - one giant crater (1000 miles in diameter) Many cliffs and peaks  evidence of tectonic activity Mean surface temp  K, ranges from 100 K to 700 K

Keplers_Laws_fullscreen.mov

Venus Earth’s sister planet

Covered with an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid Surface temperatures high enough to melt lead.

After the Moon, it is the brightest natural object in the night sky

Orbits every Earth days Rotation is slow and retrograde, 243-day period Time from one sunrise to the next is 117 Earth days

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Radius is 95% of Earth's, and the density similar to Earth's, 80% Liquid metal core similar to the Earth's

Atmosphere Thick, high pressure (90 atm) Density 50 times greater than on Earth! Made of CO 2, N, with sulfuric acid clouds Strong greenhouse effect

Surface 450°C (850°F) hot!! everywhere, always, including night time Dry, dusty rocks, no water May have had water in the past Orange light, (atmosphere reflects mostly blue light)

Phases of Venus

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Mars

most ``earthlike'' 1/2 size of Earth 24h 37m day thin atmosphere of 95% CO 2 much colder than Earth o K to 244 o K (- 123 o F to -20 o F ) atmospheric pressure 0.7% of Earth's (equivalent to 100,000 ft altitude on Earth)

tilted 25 o ---> seasons dust storms originally thought to be bands of vegetation ad irrigation canals built by Martians!

67/Orson_Welles__War_Of_The_Worlds_Pt_2 _7/ 67/Orson_Welles__War_Of_The_Worlds_Pt_2 _7/

clouds, sediment layers, canyons, landslides, sand dunes, enormous young volcanos as tall as 78,000 ft (flyby 1 and flyby 2)flyby 1flyby 2

dry riverbeds (in older regions), evidence that liquid water once flowed no water in liquid state now, all water frozen in ice caps/permafrost

The "Red Planet”  iron oxide Two moons, Phobos Deimos

Surface features similar to Earth and the Moon

Atmosphere Carbon dioxide 95.32% Carbon dioxide Nitrogen 2.7%Nitrogen Argon 1.6% Argon Oxygen 0.13% Oxygen

Ice caps

First fly-by Mariner 3 (1965)

blues-for-a-red-planet blues-for-a-red-planet

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