Types of radioactivity Rikhvanov Leonid P., professor, DSc in Geology and Mineralogy Nadeina Luiza V., associate professor, PhD in Philology TOMSK -2015.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay

Advertisements

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY The Basics. The Nucleus The nucleus is composed of nucleons –protons –neutrons A nucleus is characterized by two numbers –atomic mass.

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Objectives: 9.0 Distinguish between chemical and nuclear reactions. 9.3 Identifying types of radiation and their.

Nuclear Chemistry Targets: 1.I CAN Utilize appropriate scientific vocabulary to explain scientific concepts. 2.I CAN Distinguish between fission and fusion.

Warmup 1.What are isotopes? 2.Which particles reside in the atomic nuclei? 3.Which particle hold the nucleus together? 4.How many protons and neutrons.

Radiation Detector 3 Gold Leaf electroscope Geiger Muller Tube.

Nuclear Chemistry.

By Barış KARAHASAN α β γ αγβ RADIOACTIVITY n What is radioactivity and how radioactivity found? n Radioactive particles n Kinds of radioactivity & radioactive.

Nuclear Energy Radioactivity and Half-Life FissionFusion.

Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear chemistry is the study of the changes of the nucleus of atoms. Nuclear Reactions involve changes within the nucleus where as.

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay

NUCLEAR PHYSICS. Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the atomic nucleus into its constituents: protons and neutrons, and their interactions.

What are we doing today Decay Types of Radiation Properties of nuclear radiation Decay and Probability Protactinium.

AM 1 and AM 2 Review.

What is Radioactivity? Radioactive Decay. Nucleus contains protons and neutrons Electron circles the nucleus in orbits Proton: +1 charge, mass number.

Integrated Science Chapter 25 Notes

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay

Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry Ms.Piela.

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY QUIZ.

Nuclear Chemistry Ch. 28. Nuclear Radiation 28-1.

What is it to be Radioactive? Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles.

Radioactivity Nuclear Chemistry. Discovery of Radioactivity Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays in Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium salts.

Nuclear Chemistry Types of Radiation Decay Equations.

Intro to Nuclear Chemistry

AP Chemistry Podcast 1.3 Nuclear Chemistry. 2 Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear reactions involve changes that originate in the nucleus of the atom. Chemical.

Chapter 9 Nuclear Chemistry. What is nuclear chemistry? Nuclear chemistry is all about what happens in the nucleus of an atom. In nuclear chemistry, neutrons.

Unit 8 – Part A. Radioactivity Radioactive: When an element emits any form of radiation. Radiation: The transfer of energy by the means of electromagnetic.

1.3-1 Types of Radioactivity.  By the end of this section you will be able to: ◦ Observe nuclear changes and explain how they change an element. ◦ Express.

 Chemical Properties  Determined by ▪ number of electrons ▪ positions of electrons.

Nuclear Chemistry , Nuclear Chemistry The study of the properties and reactions of atomic nuclei Atoms with identical atomic numbers.

Radioactivity and radioisotopes The nature of radiation Distinguishing Radiation Background Radiation.

Radioisotopes The nuclei of some atoms are unstable and undergo spontaneous changes called radioactive decay. One such change is called beta decay. During.

Radioactive Decay Read pages THE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE Atoms are held together by.

Warm – Up: Think about the terms “radiation” and “radioactivity.” On a piece of paper, please write down at least 3 things you think of when you hear these.

Radioactivity and you! ….and through you! …..and all around you!

Unit 12 – Nuclear Chemistry. Part II Key Terms Alpha decay – spontaneous decay of a nucleus that emits a helium nucleus and energy Beta decay – spontaneous.

Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. The Structure Of the Atom Particle masschargelocation Proton1 AMU +1in nucleus Neutron 1 AMU 0in nucleus Electron 0 AMU -1.

Summative Assessment Review! Ms. Barlow’s HS PS Class.

PHYSICAL BACKGROUND ATOMIC STRUCTURE, NUCLEONS AND ACTIVITY

Nuclear Chemistry The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons Multiple nuclei is.

RADIATION *Penetrating rays emitted by a radioactive source *Ranges from Cosmic and Gamma Rays to Radio Waves.

Radiation Radiation: The process of emitting energy in the form of waves or particles. Where does radiation come from? Radiation is generally produced.

Nuclear Chemistry. The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons.

Atomic Theory, Isotopes, and Radioactive Decay PowerPoint 7.1.

P. Sci. Unit 12 Nuclear Radiation Chapter 10. Essential Questions 1)Identify four types of nuclear radiations and compare and contrast their properties.

Atoms and Isotopes What are atoms, isotopes, and radioactive decay?

Types of Radioactive Decay Kinetics of Decay Nuclear Transmutations

 The spontaneous emission of radiation › Created by unstable nuclei of very heavy elements › Radioactive elements can give off 3 types of radiation:

Nuclear Chemistry. The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons.

What is radioactivity? lecture 9.1 Gamma ray bursts from a star collapsing into a Black Hole.

Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity The process by which materials give off such rays radioactivity; the rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source.

PSC 4010 Nuclear Technology: A matter of Energy. PSC 4010: Chapter 4 Goals: _ SWBAT classify examples of changes in matter (physical, chemical, nuclear)

NUCLEAR CHANGES What is Radioactivity?. What happens when an element undergoes radioactive decay? During radioactive decay an unstable nuclei of an isotope.

Nuclear Decay. Radioactivity The emission of high-energy radiation or particles from the nucleus of a radioactive atom.

Section 19.1 Radioactivity TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY EQ.: WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY AND HOW ARE THESE REPRESENTED IN A NUCLEAR.

NUCLEAR CHANGES. Nuclear Radiation Radioactivity: process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles or energy in the form of electromagnetic.

Integrated Science Mr. Danckers Chapter 10.

Nuclear Chemistry. Why Study Nuclear Chemistry Medical Applications Medical Applications X-Rays X-Rays Radiation Treatments Radiation Treatments Scans.

P. Sci. Unit 12 Nuclear Radiation Chapter 10. Nuclear Radiation Strong Nuclear force – the force that holds protons and neutrons together. Remember that.

Course : Inorganic Pharmacy II Course code: PHR 107 Course Teacher : Zara Sheikh Radioactivity and Radiopharmaceuticals.

Nuclear Chemistry The alpha particle (  ) The beta particle (  ) Gamma radiation (γ)

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Chapter 20. Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity is the emission of subatomic particles or high- energy electromagnetic radiation by the.

Isotopes, Radioactivity, Decay

Nuclear Chemistry.

Nuclear Physics 243 NMT Dr. Abdo Mansour

Nuclear Radiation.

Presentation transcript:

Types of radioactivity Rikhvanov Leonid P., professor, DSc in Geology and Mineralogy Nadeina Luiza V., associate professor, PhD in Philology TOMSK -2015

RADIOACTIVITY (from Latin radio — radiate the beam and activus — active), spontaneous transformation unstable atom nuclei in atom nuclei of other elements, conducting by emission of particles or gamma quantum.

There are three types of radioactivity. Gamma rays come from the nucleus of the atom of a radioactive isotope. They are the most energetic and most penetrating of all radiation. Some radiation travel as particles not waves and is also emitted by the radioactive isotope. One is alpha particles that lose energy quickly. A hand or thin piece of paper stops it. Beta particles are high speed electrons that travel close to the speed of light and can penetrate a hand but not concrete.

When an atom undergoes radioactive decay, it emits one or more forms of radiation with sufficient energy to ionize the atoms with which it interacts. Ionizing radiation can consist of high speed subatomic particles ejected from the nucleus or electromagnetic radiation (gamma-rays) emitted by either the nucleus or orbital electrons.

The time in which half the atoms of a particular radioactive nuclide disintegrate. It is called half life. The half-life is a characteristic property of each radioactive isotope. During one half life from 100 atoms of radionuclides only 50 ones remain. Different radionuclides have got various speed of half life. Element Half life Iodine-131 8,04 days Krypton-85 10,72 years Tritium 12,3 years Strontium-90 28,5 years Caesium years Carbon years Iodine million years

All radioactive elements decompose due to a law of radioactive decay: N = No * е-λt where Nо – number of radioactive atoms in initial time of appearance nuclide (tо); е - base of the natural logarithm (2,718); λ- constant of radioactive decay; it is different for various radionuclides; t - time, passed from (to). Constant of radioactive decay identifies so-called half life (T): Т= ln2/λ = 0,693/λ. Half life Т½ is one of main characteristics of radioactive substance.

NaturalAnthropogenic Long-lived 235,238,234 U, 232 Th, 40 K, 87 Rb, l52 Sm, l87 Re, 138 La, l 76 Lu и др. Fission- fragment elements 134,137 Cs, 90 Sr, 106 Ru, l4l Ce, l40 La, l47 Nd, 99 Tc, l47 Pm and others Short-lived and medium-lived uranium series: radon and etc. thorium series: thoron and etc. Actinouranium series: actinon and etc. Activation products 54 Fe, 60 Co, 65 Zn, 22 Na, 32 P и т.д. Constantly forming in nature as a result of nuclear reactions with protons, neutrons and other particles of earth and cosmic origin 14 N (n,p) - 14 С (5,8*10 3 years) 6 Li (n) - 3 H (12,3 years) 2 Н (n,у) - 3 Н 2 Н (n,p) - 3 Н 238 U (n,у) - ß Np- ß Pu (negligibly small quantities). Spontaneous decay 238 U leads to formation of 90 Sr, 99 Тс, 147 Рm and etc. Elements of nuclear addition reaction Neptunium (Np) Plutonium (Pu) Americium (Am) Curium (Сm) Berkelium (Bk) Californium (Cf) Mendelevium (Md) and etc. Radioactive elements classification

Fission-fragment elements Образование осколочных радионуклидов Nuclear fission induced by neutrons is the most important source of artificial radionuclides. This process is used to obtain energy in modern nuclear reactors. Nuclear fission gives also the main portion of radionuclides at explosion of nuclear charges.

Transuranium radioactive elements – chemical elements with atomic number more than uranium-92, forming as a result of neutron absorption according to the formula: ββ β n,γ

All known radioactive elements should be divided into two groups natural and anthropogenic. Natural radioactive elements can be divided into: Fission-fragment (uranium-235 nuclei fission products under thermal neutrons effect): 90 Sr, 134 Cs, 137 Cs, 140 La, 131 I, 129 I, 99 Tc, 106 Ru, 141 Ce Activation products– due to interaction neutrons, gamma-quanta and etc. with substance: 56 Fe, 22 Na, 60 Co, 65 Zn, 32 P Transuranuim radioactive elements – chemical elements with atomic number more than uranium-92: 240 Pu, 239 Pu, 239 U, 239 Np, 247 Cm, 241 Am

Fission radioactive elements The main most dangerous radioactive elements and their properties element Half life Type of decay Activity Ки/g Emit energy AlphaBetaGamma Krypton-8510,72 years β Iodine-1318,04 days β Iodine-12917million years β Strontium-9028,5 years β Caesium years β-γβ-γ Lanthanum billion years β Europium-15213,3 years γ