Review of the Seismology component of the training course

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Presentation transcript:

Review of the Seismology component of the training course Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Session IV.3 Review of the Seismology component of the training course April 6, 2006 Sri Lanka

Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes. Elastic rebound theory. The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves). Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram. Earthquake magnitude scales. The principles of hypocentral location. Focal mechanisms. Recording station operations and seismic networks

Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Plates are rigid and the majority of deformation occurs on plate boundaries. Therefore, plate boundaries are the location of the majority of earthquakes Handout pages 63, 75-80

Frequency distribution of earthquakes Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Frequency distribution of earthquakes Number of Earthquakes Worldwide for 2000 - 2006 Located by the US Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center Magnitude 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 8.0 to 9.9 1 2 7.0 to 7.9 14 15 13 10 4 6.0 to 6.9 158 126 130 140 141 150 21 5.0 to 5.9 1345 1243 1218 1203 1515 1720 239 Log N = a - bM Handout pages 101-114

Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes. Elastic rebound theory. The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves). Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram. Earthquake magnitude scales. The principles of hypocentral location. Focal mechanisms. Recording station operations and seismic networks

Elastic Rebound Theory Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Elastic Rebound Theory Handout pages: 62, 95

Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes. Elastic rebound theory. The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves). Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram. Earthquake magnitude scales. The principles of hypocentral location. Focal mechanisms. Recording station operations and seismic networks

Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Handout pages: 48-60, 72

Forward Branch Backward Branch Shadow Zone P waves

Ray paths Handout pages: 82-94 Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Ray paths Handout pages: 82-94 . “Whole Earth Geophysics” by Robert J. Lillie

Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes. Elastic rebound theory. The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves). Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram. Earthquake magnitude scales. The principles of hypocentral location. Focal mechanisms. Recording station operations and seismic networks

Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program vertical Rayleigh Waves radial transverse Love Waves Handout page 70

Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes. Elastic rebound theory. The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves). Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram. Earthquake magnitude scales. The principles of hypocentral location. Focal mechanisms. Recording station operations and seismic networks

Types of Magnitude Scales Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Types of Magnitude Scales Period Range ML Local magnitude (California) regional S and 0.1-1 sec surface waves Mj JMA (Japan Meteorol. Agency) regional S and 5-10 sec mb Body wave magnitude teleseismic P waves 1-5 sec Ms Surface wave magnitude teleseismic surface 20 sec waves Mw Moment magnitude teleseismic surface > 200 sec Mwp P-wave moment magnitude teleseismic P waves 10-60 sec Mm Mantle magnitude teleseismic surface > 200 sec

Relationship between different types of magnitudes Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Relationship between different types of magnitudes Handout pages: 65-69, 118-121, 125-126

Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes. Elastic rebound theory. The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves). Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram. Earthquake magnitude scales. The principles of hypocentral location. Focal mechanisms. Recording station operations and seismic networks

hypocentral locations Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program hypocentral locations Handout pages: 64, 115-117 & Dr Kayal’s notes on the CD . “Whole Earth Geophysics” by Robert J. Lillie

Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes. Elastic rebound theory. The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves). Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram. Earthquake magnitude scales. The principles of hypocentral location. Focal mechanisms. Recording station operations and seismic networks

Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program . “Whole Earth Geophysics” by Robert J. Lillie Handout pages 73-75, 98-100, 122-124

Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course: Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes. Elastic rebound theory. The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves). Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram. Earthquake magnitude scales. The principles of hypocentral location. Focal mechanisms. Recording station operations and seismic networks

Vault of an observatory Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Vault of an observatory Handout pages: 127-130

Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program Handout pages 131-132