WARM UP #3 10/13 Name the 8 characteristics all living things have (from last class).

DISCUSSION Tell how each one uses organization: (name the sections) a. Grocery store b. Video store c. Library Why do places need to be organized and not have items just anywhere?

NOTES #2 10/13 CHAPTER 3 Classification

Classify  To put things into groups based on similarities  TAXONOMY – The science of classifying living things

 olive-backed forest robin, was found during a biodiversity expedition in Gabon. Scientists know little more about S. pyrrholaeumus other than it exists. olive-backed forest robin

 Leptotyphlops carlae was found in a patch of forest on the eastern side of Barbados. Thin as a spaghetti noodle and small enough to curl up on a quarter, it's believed to embody the evolutionary limits of snake smallness.

 Only three specimens of Martialis heureka have been found, all outside the Amazon jungle city of Manaus — but that's all scientists needed to trace a direct evolutionary lineage to the last known ancestor of all living ants, a subterranean creature that lived 120 million years ago. Martialis heureka

 grey-faced sengi Distant ancestor to elephants

 Myrmeconema neotropicum does something no other parasite can: mimic fruit. The abdomens of infected ants swell and turn bright red, making them easy targets for berry-hungry birds who then spread M. neotropicum's eggs in their droppings. Myrmeconema neotropicum

 Carpomys melanurus, or the greater dwarf cloud rat, found in the rain- forest treetops of the Philippines Carpomys melanurus

 Thawed from ice recovered two miles below the surface of a 120,000-year- old Greenland glacier, C. greenlandensi s appears unchanged by its time in deep-freeze.

14 inches

 A fossilized fish, found in Western Australia, is the oldest known vertebrate to give live birth. It is estimated to be 380 million years old and shows a mother fish giving birth. Pictured is an artist's impression of the birth.

Large DIVERSISTY of organisms: over 10 million organisms on earth! Nearly 70% of these are insects! 99% of all plant and animal species that have existed have already become extinct!

Why do we need to classify in science? 1. Show similarities between organisms 2. Show relationships between organisms 3. Easier to study and communicate information about organisms

VOCABULARY Unicellular – one cell Multicellular – many cells Heterotroph – eats other things for food Autotroph – makes its own food from sunlight

 Prokaryote – cell with no nucleus  Eukaryote – cell has nucleus

EVERY LIVING THING IS PUT INTO ONE OF FIVE GROUPS CALLED KINGDOMS BASED ON ITS CHARACTERISTICS

VIDEO: 5 kingdoms DURING THE VIDEO, fill out chart

Go to the back of your notes to fill out the chart

KINGDOMS 1. MONERA (eubacteria) * unicellular * prokaryote * most reproduce asexually – splitting (don’t need a male and a female) * mostly heterotrophic – (absorb food) EX: bacteria

OTHER FACTS:  The first living thing on earth was bacteria!  Main importance: to decompose/ break down dead material  Many can cause diseases: such as typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, diphtheria, and pneumonia

2. PROTISTA (250,000 species) * unicellular * eukaryote * mostly asexual reproduction * autotroph or heterotroph EX: algea, ameoba, paramecium

OTHER FACTS:  Found mostly in water  Importance: used in detergents, polishes, paint removers, insulators, fertilizers, deodorizers, plankton (food for marine animals) One type causes malaria

The next kingdom was added in 1969

3. FUNGI (100,00) * mostly multicellular (except yeast) * eukaryote * reproduce by spores * most heterotrophic (breaks down and absorbs food) EX: mushrooms, fungus, mold yeast

FACTS: Importance: for decomposing dead organisms, helping plants grow, food, antibiotic Penicillin Negative: some can be poisonous, kills plants (crops), infections such as athletes foot, spoil food, cause allergies

Mold is used to make cheese, soy sauce

Yeast for making  Bread and beer and wine

2. PLANT (350,000) * multicellular * eukaryotic with cell walls * autotrophic * sexual reproduction - seeds EX: moss, ferns, grass, trees

FACTS: IMPORTANCE: oxygen for us to breathe, food, clothing, shelter, medicines

5. ANIMALIA (1,000,000) * multicellular * eukaryotic * heterotrophic * sexual reproduction * most complex EX: horse, dogs, birds, humans, bugs

NEW: 6 th kingdom ARCHAE - archaebacteria “living fossils” – date back 3.5 billion years ago Can live in extreme environments like volcanic hot springs or acid water

1 st living thing - bacteria

WARM UP #3 10/6 5 pts 1. List the 5 kingdoms. 2. Which kingdom(s) is unicellular only? 3. What do you call a cell that has a true nucleus? 4. What do you call an animals that needs to eat food to survive? 5. What do the fungi and plant kingdoms have in common?

EACH OF THE 5 KINGDOMS ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO SMALLER GROUPS BASED ON WHAT THE ORGANISMS HAVE IN COMMON….

LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION 1. Kingdom (largest group) 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species (smallest group - all the same type) Kings Play Chess On Flat Game Surfaces

LESS ORGANISMS IN A GROUP AS YOU GO DOWN The lower you go, the more related the organisms in the group are because they have more traits in common The last two groups, genus and species make up the scientific name

Canis lupus

Graptemys geographica

Mephitis mephitis

Bufo Americanus

Loxodonta africana

Ursus americanus

Gorilla gorilla

Panthera leo

Panthera onca

Apis mellifera

The classification of humans  Kingdom: Animalia  Phylum: Chordata  Class: Mammalia  Order: Primata  Family: Hominadae  Genus: Homo  Species: sapiens