Bell Ringer Answer each question with True or False. 1) The “prediction” part of the scientific method can be written as: if the hypothesis is true, then ___. 2) The scientific method ends with data analysis 3) If something moves, we can consider it to be alive. 4) Metabolism = energy 5) Homeostasis is another way of saying that living things are organized in a way that makes sense.

The Chemistry of Life

First, Some Terms... Matter –

First, Some Terms... Matter – anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass –

First, Some Terms... Matter – anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass – the amount of matter an object has.

First, Some Terms... Matter – anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass – the amount of matter an object has. Mass is NOT the same as weight.

First, Some Terms... Matter – anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass – the amount of matter an object has. Mass is NOT the same as weight. Weight – the force produced by gravity pulling down on mass. So, where would your weight be different?

The moon’s gravity is weaker than Earth’s, so you would weigh less. Would your mass change on the moon?

The moon’s gravity is weaker than Earth’s, so you would weigh less. Would your mass change on the moon? NO!

Some Chemistry... Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler kinds of matter. All things on earth (living or nonliving) are made up of elements. Over 100 elements have been discovered.

Some Chemistry... Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler kinds of matter. All things on earth (living or nonliving) are made up of elements. Over 100 elements have been discovered. What elements do you know of?

Some Chemistry... Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler kinds of matter. All things on earth (living or nonliving) are made up of elements. Over 100 elements have been discovered. Where can we find a list of all the elements?

Periodic Table The periodic table tells us a chemical’s: –Atomic Number  –Symbol  –Atomic Mass  10 Ne 20.18

Some Chemistry... Four elements are of utmost importance to life on earth. They are found in over 90% of the mass of all living things.

Some Chemistry... Four elements are of utmost importance to life on earth. They are found in over 90% of the mass of all living things. Carbo n Oxyge n Hydro gen Nitrogen

The Atom The smallest particle of an element is an atom.

The Atom The smallest particle of an element is an atom. Atoms determine the structure and properties of the matter they compose. Atoms are so small, they can not be directly observed.

The Atom The middle of the atom is called the nucleus. –It contains protons (+ charge) –And neutrons (no charge)

The Atom The middle of the atom is called the nucleus. –It contains protons (+ charge) –And neutrons (no charge) An element’s atomic number is the number of protons it contains.

The Atom The middle of the atom is called the nucleus. –It contains protons (+ charge) –And neutrons (no charge) An element’s atomic number is the number of protons it contains. What is this atom’s atomic number?

The Atom The middle of the atom is called the nucleus. –It contains protons (+ charge) –And neutrons (no charge) An element’s atomic number is the number of protons it contains. 4 Be 9.01

The Atom The middle of the atom is called the nucleus. –It contains protons (+ charge) –And neutrons (no charge) An element’s mass number is the number of protons + neutrons.

The Atom The middle of the atom is called the nucleus. –It contains protons (+ charge) –And neutrons (no charge) An element’s mass number is the number of protons + neutrons. What is this atom’s mass number?

The Atom The middle of the atom is called the nucleus. –It contains protons (+ charge) –And neutrons (no charge) An element’s mass number is the number of protons + neutrons. 4 Be 9.01

The Atom So, what’s up with the decimal in Beryllium’s mass number? 4 Be 9.01

The Atom So, what’s up with the decimal in Beryllium’s mass number? 4 Be 9.01 All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. That’s what identifies it as that specific element!

The Atom So, what’s up with the decimal in Beryllium’s mass number? 4 Be 9.01 All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. Atoms of the same element, however, may have a different number of neutrons. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.

The Atom So, what’s up with the decimal in Beryllium’s mass number? 4 Be 9.01 Beryllium’s mass number is an average of the mass of its different isotopes.

The Atom Electrons, negatively charged particles, move around the nucleus. Electrons have very little mass. Most important, electrons are involved in bonding.

Scroobius Pip vs. Dan Le Sac “Development”

Discover an Element Your job is to create a mini-poster about an element. The poster should include: –The name of the element and its symbol. –The atomic number and the atomic mass number. –What phase is your element found in at room temperature? –Where is this element found in nature? –How is your element used commercially (by humans)? –What compounds is your element found within? –Does your element have isotopes? What are they? –At least one interesting fact about your element. –At least two illustrations Use color, make it look nice!

Exit Slip Answer the following questions based upon the atomic nucleus pictured to the right. 1)What element is this? a) Hydrogen b) Lithium c) Nitrogen d) Oxygen

Exit Slip Answer the following questions based upon the atomic nucleus pictured to the right. 2) What is the atomic number of this element? a) 7 b) 4 c) 3 d) 8 3) How can we tell that this atom may be an isotope? a) there are more neutrons than protons b) there are more protons than neutrons c) there are enough neutrons to balance the charge of the protons d) this atom has an overall negative charge

Exit Slip Answer the following questions based upon the atomic nucleus pictured to the right. 4) If a proton was added to this atom, what would happen? a) it would become an isotope of the original element b) it would become a new element c) there would be no change d) it’s atomic mass would increase, but not its atomic number