Lesson 1: Islands of Stability

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Presentation transcript:

Lesson 1: Islands of Stability Nuclear Chemistry Lesson 1: Islands of Stability

Nuclear Chemistry – Bell work The isotope notation for an atom of copper and an atom of gold are given below: How could you change a copper atom into a gold atom? What would you need to change? Give specific numbers. Why is this change called a nuclear reaction? Cu 63 29 Au 197 79

The Big Question What is the range of the number of neutrons found in isotopes of various elements? Goal - Determine how many neutrons are required to make a stable element with a given number of protons.

Plot this isotope # of protons? # of neutrons? Island of stability Plot this isotope # of protons? # of neutrons? protons = neutrons Band of stability

Notes Nuclear chemistry study of atom nucleus Band of stability range in neutron # for given proton # for naturally occurring isotopes

Stable isotope? Inside gray area? Stable isotope On edge? Radioactive Outside? Isotope not stable Not an element What is an element? Isotope detected? Element 118 discovery last fall Lasted 0.05 milliseconds

> 10+15 s 10-01 s 10+10 s 10-02 s 10+07 s 10-03 s 10+05 s 10-04 s 10+04 s 10-05 s 10+03 s 10-06 s 10+02 s 10-07 s 10+01 s 10-15 s 10+00 s < 10-15 s

p = 12 n = 12 p = 92 n = 60 p = 118 n = 77 p = 35 n = 55 p = 92 n = 146 p = 77 n = 114

p = 12 n = 12 p = 60 n = 92 p = 77 n =118 p = 35 n = 55 p = 92 n = 146 p = 77 n = 114

Worksheet Imagine a chemist was trying to create an atom with 60 protons and a mass number of 155. Would this be possible? Why or why not? Where on the graph would you expect the other isotopes of magnesium to be located (magnesium-25 and magnesium-26)? Explain.

Worksheet If an element had 90 protons, how many neutrons would be a good number for it to have in order to be considered a stable element? What element would this be? What do you suppose that little island of gray on the graph represents?

Check-In Use your graph to determine how many neutrons you would need to make a stable element with 75 protons. How many neutrons would make a radioactive element with 75 protons?

Answer to #10 No Yes Yes No Yes

Notes Radioactive elements lose pieces of the nucleus over time. Atoms that exist for a long time are called stable. Radioactive atoms disappear over time and are called unstable. Any isotope that lasts long enough to be detected and measured qualifies as an element Element 118 discovery last fall 0.05 milliseconds