Structure of an Atom. What are the fundamental particles of the atom? Proton: Particle with positive electrical charge (+1). Electron: Particle with negative.

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Presentation transcript:

Structure of an Atom

What are the fundamental particles of the atom? Proton: Particle with positive electrical charge (+1). Electron: Particle with negative charge (-1). Neutron: Neutral charge.

Particle Chart (Table O) ParticleChargeMassLocationSymbol Proton + 1 amuNucleus (p + ) Neutron01 amuNucleus (n 0 ) Electron - Negligible 0 Orbitals (e - )

Atomic Mass amu 1/12 of carbon-12 atom Periodic Table Example for Co

How do atoms differ? Atomic Number: Number of protons If atom is neutral, atomic # = # of electrons Defines the element

How do atoms differ? Mass Number: Number of protons + neutrons p + + n 0 Number of nucleons  particles in nucleus p + + n 0  p +  How do you find the number of neutrons? Atomic mass – atomic number

How big is an atom? Average atom has a radius of 1 X cm 100,000,000 atoms of Cu = 1cm If you expand a Hydrogen atom to the size of an apple, the apple would expand to the size of the earth!

Molecular Mass Sum of all the atomic masses in a molecule Example: H2OH2O H 2 X 1 = 2 O 1 X 16 = amu

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SHORTHAND Cl MASS NUMBER ATOMIC NUMBER NUMBER OF PROTONS # OF PROTONS + # OF NEUTRONS # OF PROTONS + # OF NEUTRONS

THE 1 ST TEN ATOMS HydrogenH11011 HeliumHe22242 LithiumLi33473 BerylliumBe44594 BoronB CarbonC NitrogenN OxygenO FluorineF NeonNe