Do Now! 8-7-15 Turn in your HW to the black tray. (On top of the filing cabinet) 1. Using your reference sheet, how many naturally occurring elements do you think there are on the periodic table? 2. How is the periodic table organized?

What are atoms? Atoms are the basic building blocks of elements that make up everyday objects. A desk, the air, even you are made up of atoms! There are 95 naturally occurring kinds of atoms. Scientists in labs have been able to make about 25 more.

The Atom The smallest particles into which an element can be divided and still show the properties of that element Atoms are the building blocks of elements, which are the building blocks of matter

The Parts of an Atom 1. Protons carry a positive charge; found in the nucleus 2. Neutrons carry no charge; found in the nucleus Protons and neutrons join together in the nucleus; the positively charged center of the atom 3. Electrons carry a negative charge and are found outside the nucleus in the energy levels; smallest of the three parts

Cool Facts! If an electron had the mass of a dime, a proton would have the same mass as a gallon of milk! Neutrons and protons have almost the same mass.

Diagram of a Single Atom P N Electrons in the electron cloud e- e- nucleus Protons Neutrons e- e-

The “Electron Cloud” Outside the nucleus, contains electrons Made up of energy levels Each energy level can only hold a maximum number of electrons 3 energy levels are shown nucleus 1st energy level = 2 e- 2nd energy level = 8 e- 3rd energy level = 18 e-

DO NOW! 8-10-15 *Pick up a SLM from front table What are the three parts of an atom? What is the area outside of the nucleus called? What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in the first energy level?

DO NOW! 8-10-15 *Pick up a SLM from front table What are the three parts of an atom? Proton, neutron, electron What is the area outside of the nucleus called? Electron cloud What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in the first energy level? 2

Periodic Table/Element Cards Element cards make up the periodic table They show what 1 atom of the element is made up of! 6 C Carbon 12.0 Atomic number = # of protons Chemical Symbol Chemical Name Atomic Mass = Protons + Neutrons

Neutral Atoms All atoms are neutral Neutral means they have no overall charge How can this be? Because # P+ = # e- so . . . . . . . The atomic number not only tells you the number of protons, but the number of electrons, as well!

Let’s Practice! How many protons are in an oxygen atom? How many neutrons are in a calcium atom? How many neutrons are in a fluorine atom? How many electrons are in a neutral Phosphorus atom?

Let’s Practice! How many protons are in an oxygen atom? 8 How many neutrons are in a calcium atom? 20 How many neutrons are in a fluorine atom? 10 How many electrons are in a neutral Phosphorus atom? 15

DO NOW! 8-10-15 *Pick up a SLM from front table Which element will have 16 protons in the nucleus of its atom? Sulfur How many electrons are in a neutral atom of Potassium? 19 How many neutrons are in an atom of Boron? 6

Draw a Bohr Diagram Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Place protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Correctly place the electrons in the appropriate energy level. Let’s try Sulfur.

Bohr Diagram of Sulfur

Which element will have 16 protons in the nucleus of its atom? DO NOW! 8-11-15 *3rd and 6th Period* Place your completed Atomic Basics sheet on the corner of your desk Which element will have 16 protons in the nucleus of its atom? How many electrons are in a neutral atom of Potassium? How many neutrons are in an atom of Boron?

DO NOW! 8-11-15 Which element will have 16 protons in the nucleus of its atom? Sulfur How many electrons are in a neutral atom of Potassium? 19 How many neutrons are in an atom of Boron? 6

Making a 3-D Model When you are assigned an element, sketch the atom. Each colored bead represents either a proton, neutron, or an electron. Create your nucleus using beads and fishing line and tie a knot. Use pipe cleaners as energy levels. On the outermost energy level place an index card that has your name, the element, and the number of p+, n⁰, and e-. Twist the ends together to complete the circle. Tie all energy levels together with the remaining fishing line from your nucleus. You may use a paper clip to hang your atom!

Do Now! 8-11-15 List all similarities and differences in the following isotopes: Chlorine-35 Chlorine-37 What do you need to bring to class on Wednesday?

Do Now! 8-11-15 List all similarities and differences in the following isotopes: Chlorine-35 Chlorine-37 Same element: same Atomic Number and number of protons and electrons Different number of neutrons/different mass numbers What do you need to bring to class on Wednesday? Any article you have found about atoms. Possibly the citation as well (MLA format)

Isotopes Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of PROTONS but different numbers of NEUTRONS

Do Now! 8-12-15 Use information to answer questions on handout! Isotopes Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of PROTONS but different numbers of NEUTRONS

Isotopes The mass number (atomic mass) of each element is an average atomic mass of all of the isotopes of that element

Do Now! 8-12-15 How many p+, no , and e- are in boron-11? 5th Period How many p+, no , and e- are in boron-11? List an example of an atom and of a molecule. **Take out Your Atomic Analysis Chart from your handout yesterday! Complete the middle chart and 7 analysis questions at the bottom!

5th Period Do Now! 8-13-15 Quiz Review! 1. With your seat partner, write down the chemical formula of your assigned compound (written on your table) and construct a marshmallow model of that compound! Materials to share with your group of 4: Bag of marshmallows Toothpicks 2. Draw a Boron atom. 3. If an atom has 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is the mass of that atom? List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons that an isotope of this atom could potentially have.

4th Period Do Now! 8-13-15 Quiz Review! 1. How do you calculate the number of neutrons in any atom? 2. Draw a Boron atom. 3. If an atom has 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is the mass of that atom? List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons that an isotope of this atom could potentially have.

Do Now! 8-13-15 1. Complete the “Name that Molecule” handout. 2. Draw the Boron atom. 3. What is the chemical formula of carbon dioxide?

Quiz Review 4. The average atomic mass on the periodic table comes from… 5. Draw the carbon dioxide molecule. 6. What elements are in salt? 7. What are the subatomic particles and where are they located? 8. How many oxygen atoms are in a water molecule?

Quiz Review cont. 4. The average atomic mass on the periodic table comes from… averaging the masses of ALL of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element. 5. Draw the carbon dioxide molecule. Formula = CO2 but the diagram includes a carbon atom in the center double bonded to two oxygen atoms. 6. What elements are in salt? Sodium and chlorine 7. What are the subatomic particles and where are they located? Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus. Electrons are located in the electron cloud outside of the nucleus. 8. How many oxygen atoms are in a water molecule? H2O = 1 oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms

Atoms vs. Compounds vs. Molecules Atoms consist of ONE element. Molecules are composed of two or more atoms. Compounds consist of two or more atoms of different elements. **So a compound can be a molecule but a molecule isn’t necessarily a compound.

Which are atoms, compounds and molecules?

Atoms or Molecules Lab Rust Na Cl Na O H Cl H

Atoms make up Molecules. How many atoms of Carbon are in these? Cornstarch: Starch C27H48O20 Borax Solution: C15H22O2 Elmer’s Glue: Methyl Pivalate C6H12O2

Advanced Article Analysis Find any article about “Atoms” to print and bring in on Wednesday. If you need me to print it for you, please email me the URL BEFORE 7:30 AM on Wednesday. Don’t forget to copy the entire URL and have it ready for class on Wednesday to cite the article. MLA format and Article Analysis Guidelines are on Moodle.