Cold War

 containment of Communism  proxy wars  arms race  space exploration  race to the Moon  deterrence  MAD  detente

The Big Three Conferences  Tehran  Yalta  Potsdam

American nuclear program  Manhattan Project  Hiroshima, Nagasaki – August 1945

Occupation of Germany  Four zones of occupation  American Zone  British Zone Bizone  French Zone Trizone  Soviet Zone  Emergence of two German states  Berlin  Berlin blockade  Berlin airlift  1949 – East Germany (GDR), Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)

Iron Curtain  1946 – Winston Churchill  From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an "iron curtain" has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.

1947 – Red Scare begins  Sen. Joseph McCarthy  McCarthyism  anti-communist witch-hunt  House Committee on Un- American Activities  Loyalty programs  Blacklists

1947 – Truman Doctrine  Greek civil war (1946 – 49)  Communist  "Domino effect"  1954 – Domino Theory  policy of containment  Marshall Plan

NATO vs the Warsaw Pact  1949 – NATO  1955 – Warsaw Pact

Soviet nuclear program  1949 – first successful Soviet A-Bomb

1949 – Mao Zedong proclaims People's Republic of China

MAD  Mutual Assured Destruction  American theory of deterrence  Probability of the enemy first strike limited due to the second strike capability  Second strike capabilities reassured by the nuclear arsenals build-up  MAD doctrine speeded up the arms race  American and Soviet nuclear potentials  EXAMPLE: 14 Trident class Submarines (Ohio Class Submarine)  24 Trident missiles each  8 warheads 475Kt each (fat man dropped on Hiroshima - between 13 and 18 Kt). In comparison – the largest nuclear weapon ever produced: 25MT B41 (500 of these were produced…)  (potentially 12 warheads, yet treaties reduce the number to 8).

Korean War (1950 – 1952 (present))  Japanese rule in Korea  During WW II – communist and nationalist factions fight the Japanese in different regions of the country and of the world  At the end of WW II Soviets occupy the north of Korea  Potsdam conference (1945) – Korea divided  North Korea -  cupported by China and the Soviet Union  South Korea  supported by UN forces  No Gun Ri Massacre (26–29 July 1950)  Bodo League  38th parallel – DMZ  no peace treaty

Hungarian Revolution of 1956

1961 – Berlin Wall

Kennedy delivers Ich bin ein Berliner speech in Berlin, June 26, 1963Ich bin ein Berliner

Cuba  Fidel Castro  Cuban revolution  American plots to assassinate Castro  Bay of Pigs invasion  Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis  Soviet nuclear missiles and installations discovered in Cuba by American intelligence  Blockade of Cuba (quarantine)  deals with Khrushchev

John F. Kennedy Address on the Buildup of Arms in Cuba Quarantine begins 23. Oct 2963

Adlai Stevenson shows the intelligence photographs to the UN Security Council, Oct. 25, 1962

 missiles removed from Cuba in exchange of the American promise nto to ever invade Cuba  American missiles secretely removed from Turkey within 6 months  hotline agreement Secret deals with Khrushchev

JFK Assassination, Nov. 22, 1963

Vietnam War  Ho Chi Minh  Japanese occupation of Vietnam in WW II  Vietminh  1945 – Democratic Republic of Vietnam  The Indochina War  Treaty of Geneva  Vietnam divided  North – communist  South – prime minister Van Diem  Vietcong  1964 – Gulf of Tonkin incident  Gulf of Tonkin Resolution  1968 – full fledged escalation

photo by Malcolm Browne, Wide World Photos, Inc. Thich Quang Duc commits self-immolation in Saigon on June 11, 1963.

Photo taken by United States Army photographer Ronald L. Haeberle on March 16, 1968 in the aftermath of the My Lai massacre

Nguyen Ngoc Loan executes a Viet Minh officer February 1, This Associated Press photograph won a 1969 Pulitzer prize for the photographer Eddie Adams.

June 8, 1972.Kim Phuc Phan Thi, center, running down a road near Trang Bang, Vietnam, after a napalm bomb was dropped on the village of Trang Bang suspected by US Army forces of being a Viet Cong stronghold. Photographer: Huynh Cong Ut (also known as Nick Ut). The image won the Pulitzer Prize for spot news.

1968 – Invasion of Czechoslovakia  Prague Spring

Richard Nixon presidency  China  Vietnam  Watergate

Ronald Reagan presidency  Reaganomics

George Bush presidency  end of the Cold War