The Politics of the Eisenhower Era APUSH Essential Question: In what way was Dwight Eisenhower's foreign policy different than that of Harry Truman?

Election of 1952 Republicans? Dwight EisenhowerDwight Eisenhower Running Mate? Democrats? Adlai Stevenson  Adlai Stevenson  Who did most of the campaigning for Eisenhower? Significance of the “Checkers Speech”? p. 887

Election of 1952

Joseph McCarthy p. 898 Republican Senator from WisconsinRepublican Senator from Wisconsin Needed a “winning” issue to be reelected in 1952 Spirit p. 441Needed a “winning” issue to be reelected in 1952 Spirit p. 441 Claimed 205 communists worked for gov’t, never produced one nameClaimed 205 communists worked for gov’t, never produced one name In 1954 McCarthy accused the U.S. Army of sympathizing with communistsIn 1954 McCarthy accused the U.S. Army of sympathizing with communists What is McCarthyism?What is McCarthyism? What tactics did McCarthy use to increase his power? Eventually censured for “improper" behavior & removed from the Senate

Sputnik I Launched by the Soviets in 1957Launched by the Soviets in 1957 First man-made object to orbit the EarthFirst man-made object to orbit the Earth Traveled around the globe once every 96 minutesTraveled around the globe once every 96 minutes What was the American reaction to Sputnik?What was the American reaction to Sputnik?

Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy

Truman vs. Eisenhower 1.Marshall Plan 2.Truman Doctrine 3.Berlin Airlift 4.NATO 5.NSC #68 p Korean War 1.Marshall Plan 2.Truman Doctrine 3.Berlin Airlift 4.NATO 5.NSC #68 p Korean War 1.Mutual security agreements. 2.Massive retaliation. 3.M. A. D. Mutual Assured Destruction 4.“Domino Theory” 5.CIA & covert operations 6.Eisenhower Doctrine 7.“Open Skies” Spirit p Mutual security agreements. 2.Massive retaliation. 3.M. A. D. Mutual Assured Destruction 4.“Domino Theory” 5.CIA & covert operations 6.Eisenhower Doctrine 7.“Open Skies” Spirit p. 440 “Containment” [George Kennan] “Brinksmanship” [John Foster Dulles]

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”  Warsaw Pact created. p  Hungarian Revolution. p  Berlin Crisis  Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate.”  U-2 Spy Incident p  Warsaw Pact created. p  Hungarian Revolution. p  Berlin Crisis  Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate.”  U-2 Spy Incident p. 902 EUROPE: Nikita Khrushchev takes control of the U.S.S.R in 1953 

1959  Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate” Cold War -----> Tensions <----- Technology & Affluence

Warsaw Pact Formed by the Soviet Union and their E. European satellites when W. Germany rearms and joins NATO.Formed by the Soviet Union and their E. European satellites when W. Germany rearms and joins NATO. Warsaw Pact is an alliance just like NATOWarsaw Pact is an alliance just like NATO

The U-2 Incident After rejection of open skies, the CIA begins to make secret high altitude flights over U.S.S.R. to spot ICBMAfter rejection of open skies, the CIA begins to make secret high altitude flights over U.S.S.R. to spot ICBM Soviets shoot down planeSoviets shoot down plane U.S. denies involvement, later admits truthU.S. denies involvement, later admits truth

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”  CIA sponsored coup in Iran p  P. M. Mohammed Mossadegh  nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co..  Goal: keep the P.M. from getting help($) from Soviets. CIA installs the Shah as new leader of Iran  Suez Crisis. P  Civil War in Lebanon  OPEC formed  CIA sponsored coup in Iran p  P. M. Mohammed Mossadegh  nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co..  Goal: keep the P.M. from getting help($) from Soviets. CIA installs the Shah as new leader of Iran  Suez Crisis. P  Civil War in Lebanon  OPEC formed Middle East:

Eisenhower Doctrine What event leads to the Eisenhower Doctrine?What event leads to the Eisenhower Doctrine? Soviet support of Egypt during the Suez Crisis To balance out rising Soviet influence the U.S. issues the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957.To balance out rising Soviet influence the U.S. issues the Eisenhower Doctrine in Eisenhower Doctrine:Eisenhower Doctrine: The U.S. will defend the Middle East from attack by any Communist country. President has the authority to use armed forces at his discretion to combat communist aggression.President has the authority to use armed forces at his discretion to combat communist aggression.

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”  O. A. S. [Organization of American States] was created during Truman’s administration  CIA covert ops. in Guatemala s  Puerto Rican independence movement  Castro’s Communist Revolution in Cuba  O. A. S. [Organization of American States] was created during Truman’s administration  CIA covert ops. in Guatemala s  Puerto Rican independence movement  Castro’s Communist Revolution in Cuba. Latin America: CIA appoints new dictator sympathetic to the U.S.

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”  end of the Korean War  French depart Indo-China.  Geneva Accords  China explodes its first atomic bomb [during LBJ’s administration]  end of the Korean War  French depart Indo-China.  Geneva Accords  China explodes its first atomic bomb [during LBJ’s administration]. Far East:

Election of 1960 Republicans? Richard NixonRichard Nixon Democrats? John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy Main differences between JFK & Nixon? Significance of television on the campaign?

Election of 1960 The closest presidential election until? 2000