Foreign funded R&D in China – Is it driving China’s S&T takeoff? Gary H. Jefferson Dept. of Economics/ International Business School Brandeis University.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Fear of Relocation? Assessing the Impact of Italy’s FDI on Local Employment Stefano Federico (Banca d’Italia) Gaetano Alfredo Minerva (Università del Piemonte.
Advertisements

A Macroeconomic Theory of the Open Economy
Foreign Direct Investment
China’s Role in the Global R&D Strategies of Multinational Corporations Jason Dedrick School of Information Studies Syracuse University Based on research.
Competitiveness. Competitive Advantage of Nations Michael Porter Key to high productivity is the development of leading industries able to compete and.
The Strategy of International Business
Discussion of Liquidity-Driven FDI Alquist-Mukherjee-Tesar by Anusha Chari (UNC-Chapel Hill & NBER)
Exports x FDI in Heterogenous Firms
R&D Returns, Spillovers and Firm Incentives: Evidence from China Henry Guofang Huang John Hopkins University Wei Li University of Virginia Lixin Colin.
Does FDI Harm the Host Country’s Environment? Evidence from Coastal and Interior China Helen Feng Liang University of California, Berkeley April 12, 2006.
Chapter 7 Foreign Direct Investment McGraw-Hill/Irwin Global Business Today, 4/e © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Foreign.
1 Lecture Five China and World Economy Xingmin Yin School of Economics.
Advancing Knowledge in the Public Sector: A World Bank Perspective ©Knowledge for Development, WBI Carl Dahlman World Bank Advancing Knowledge and the.
Driving the Next Generation of Economic Development Research Education Outreach Economic Engagement.
A Great Wall of Patents: What is behind China’s recent patent explosion? Albert Guangzhou HU National University of Singapore and Gary H. Jefferson Brandeis.
Developed by Cool Pictures and MultiMedia Presentations Copyright © 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. Developed.
1 Science and Technology Takeoff in China?: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives Gao Jian Tsinghua University Gary H. Jefferson Brandeis University Workshop.
International Business An Asian Perspective
Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop Copyright © 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 7 International Factor Movements.
Copyright South-Western College Publishing Leadership by Human Resources Organizational Roles and Choices.
The Strategy of International Business
PRESENTATION ON THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES 29 November 2007.
Venture Capital and U.S. Trade Competitiveness Karen G. Mills April 4, 2005 Council on Foreign Relations How Does Innovation Translate.
Xiaolan Fu Oxford University DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme Meeting Overseas Development Institute, London, July 17th, 2015.
Skilled Immigration and Innovation: Evidence from Enrollment Fluctuations in U.S. Doctoral Programs NSF Science of Science Policy Principal Investigator’s.
Economic Development and Transition
STEP – Centre for Innovation Research 1 Research on foreign ownership in Norwegian industry.
Chinese Investment in Australian Primary Industries Peter Drysdale Crawford School of Economics and Government, ANU ABARES Outlook Conference, Canberra,
SRS Data and the SciSIP Initiative National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Statistics Lynda T. Carlson Division Director SBE Advisory.
Outsourcing, Offshoring and Adjustment in the Global Economy Outsourcing, Offshoring and Adjustment in the Global Economy Presentation prepared for Munich.
Chapter 7 Corporate Strategy and Capital Budgeting Decision
Changing Engines of Growth in China: From FDI and Privatization to Innovation and Knowledge Furong Jin, Keun Lee, and Yee-Kyoung Kim Dep’t of Economics,
Human Capital and the Costs of Non-Research Alfonso Gambardella Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies Pisa, Italy Research policy - Incentives and Institutions.
Factors influencing success of small rural Polish enterprises Wadim Strielkowski, National University of Ireland, Galway Research supervisor: Prof. Michael.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 4 Comparative Advantage and Factor Endowments.
Competing For Advantage Part IV – Monitoring and Creating Entrepreneurial Opportunities Chapter 12 – Strategic Entrepreneurship.
Land Rental Markets in the Process of Structural Transformation: Productivity and Equity Impacts in China Songqing Jin and Klaus Deininger World Bank.
PUBLIC R&D POLICY IN RUSSIA Restructuring Government S&T Institutions Tatiana Kuznetsova STATE UNIVERSITY – HIGHER SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS Institute for Statistical.
Modern Competitive Strategy 3 rd Edition Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedMcGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop Copyright © 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 7 International Factor Movements.
A Macroeconomic Theory of the Open Economy
Mergers, Acquisitions and Export Competitiveness: Experience of Indian Manufacturing Sector Researcher: Mishra Pulak, Jaiswal Neha Publishing Year: 2012.
China’s Economy: Recent Growth and Historical Legacies Thomas G. Rawski University of Pittsburgh March 2011.
©1996 David L. Sturges UT-Pan American College of Business Administration INTB 4365 International Competitiveness David L. Sturges, Ph.D.
Identification of national S&T priority areas with respect to the promotion of innovation and economic growth: the case of Russia Alexander Sokolov State.
Chapter 02 International Trade and Investment McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 14 Global Production, Outsourcing and Logistics 1.
GORAN RADMAN Chairman, SenseConsulting Technology and Innovation Competitiveness in Eastern and Southeastern Europe.
National Seminar on Intellectual Property and its Impact on Economic Development The Role of Intellectual Property in Promoting International Trade and.
Business R&D Intensity in Canada and the United States: Does Firm Size Matter? Presentation to: The 2008 World Congress on National Accounts and Economic.
Offshoring and Productivity: A Micro-data Analysis Jianmin Tang and Henrique do Livramento Presentation to The 2008 World Congress on National Accounts.
Determinants of investment and innovation in Polish manufacturing industries. Forthcoming in Post-Communist Economies Michał Brzozowski.
ERP Applications Companies in China 2015 Published on : October
Size of Firms: From small business to multi-national firm Size of Firms: From small business to multi-national firm (1) Definition (2) Characteristics.
1 Trends in Science, Technology and Industry: An OECD Perspective Jerry Sheehan OECD Science & Technology Policy Division Knowledge Economy Forum III Budapest,
1 Int. J. of Transitions and Innovation Systems Special Issue: Clusters, System of Innovation and Intangible for fostering growth: finding the keys for.
INSTITUTES OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT: THEIR ROLE IN REGIONAL CLUSTERS Anna Bykova PhD student, Higher School of Economics Russia 23th September 2011 Milocer,
Copyright ©2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. International Marketing.
Chapter 1 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?
The Uptake of Management Accounting Practices Among Malaysian Firms in SMEs Sector HAU YIN TING A EPPA 2033 PERAKAUNAN KOS SEMESTER 1 SESI 2014/2015.
Gross Domestic Product Chapter 12 Section 3 Economic Growth.
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times....” Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Role of government in making a link between expectations of business sector and the need for independence of research sector, and in fostering link between.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U. S
Global Development Conference on STI for Development March 2018
International Economics: Theory and Policy, Sixth Edition
China's technological achievements and institutional experience in forty years of reform and openness WANG Yang College of Philosophy and Sociology, Huaqiao.
Presentation transcript:

Foreign funded R&D in China – Is it driving China’s S&T takeoff? Gary H. Jefferson Dept. of Economics/ International Business School Brandeis University Prepared for the Conference on New Global Realities: Winners and Losers from Offshore Outsourcing, March 3-4, 2006 Mount Holyoke College

What are the issues? Is foreign-funded R&D driving China’s technology takeoff? Is the surge of foreign-funded R&D in China undermining R&D and innovation in the U.S.?

What are the answers? Is foreign-funded R&D driving China’s technology takeoff? No. Is the surge of foreign-funded R&D in China undermining R&D and innovation in the U.S.? Probably not.

Is China experiencing an S&T takeoff?

R&D expenditure by performer and by source, 2003 foreign share: < 60.1 x = 18.6% Total performers Independent research institutes Enterprises (of which: LMEs) Institutions of higher education others 100% (46.8) Total sources Government funds Enterprise funds (foreign firms share of VA) Foreign funds Other funds 100% (27.6)

Contributions of foreign vs. Domestic-funded LME - R&D

Is China experiencing a patenting takeoff? Chinese patent applications, Source: Hu and Jefferson (2004), based on data from the website of China’s National Bureau of Statistics,

Are firms using R&D to generate invention patents? Impacts of R&D and FDI on patenting…domestic yes; foreign no. Hu and Jefferson, 2005

Findings The patenting of Chinese firms derives from R&D and FDI, where the latter expands technological opportunity for patenting… The patenting of foreign firms is largely autonomous…i.e. it is weakly associated with R&D spending and industry FDI. Much of foreign patenting is based on existing innovations (i.e. from parent companies), which do not require substantial additions of R&D…

What is driving China’s rapid technology development?: Economic openness – e.g., foreign direct investment FDI as a direct source of technology transfer  domestic innovation/imitation and foreign technology adoption. FDI as an indirect motivator for both domestic and foreign firms to intensify their R&D spending.

An index of technology development that combines the measure of R&D intensity and patent intensity

How responsible is FDI for driving China’s technology development? ln(TechDev) =  + βln(FDI) + ε We estimate this equation using the observations for the 30 provinces shown in the two figures…. R-square = A close association exists between the spatial distribution of FDI and technology development; anticipate that the relationship runs primarily from FDI to domestic technology development.

The role of technology import markets… Hu and Jefferson (2006) find robust complementarities between in-house R&D spending and purchases of imported R&D, i.e. purchases of technology imports increase the returns to in-house R&D and thus motivate R&D spending.

Conclusion Foreign-funded R&D is not driving China S&T takeoff. The principal drivers are other foreign sources, i.e. FDI and market- mediated purchases of technology imports.

Is foreign funded R&D more “R” oriented? Is it of higher quality? Do foreign firms spend more on basic research than their counterparts? Seemingly not… Dependent variable: Ln(basic R&D) Ln(cumulativeFDI/ total fixed assets) (2.91) Ln(sales)0.013 (8.87) Adj. R-square0.004

Are the foreign funded research centers engaged in basic research, which is displacing U.S. research activity? Motives for establishing R&D centers? Localization. Applied research intended to adapt established products to the local Chinese market. The localized innovations include design innovations that are intended to appeal to Chinese consumers and process innovations that are intended to enhance efficiency, often by capitalizing on the abundance of low-cost labor. Access to skilled talent. Bell Lab under Lucent Technologies is the largest MNC research institution in China. It has more than 500 scientific researchers in Shanghai and Beijing, 96 percent of whom possess PhDs or master’s degrees (Wei Cai, 2006). Strategic motives focused on establishing an MNC as a first mover or leading player in a Chinese market. This positioning may be intended to establish branding advantages in the Chinese market as well as to influence Chinese policy toward the MNC in question.

Conclusions…. Is foreign-funded R&D driving China’s technology takeoff? No…But FDI and imported technology markets are through their indirect effects on motivating R&D and patenting by domestic firms… Is the surge of foreign-funded R&D in China undermining R&D and innovation in the U.S.? Not the industrial enterprise based R&D…The R&D in foreign firms is even more applied – i.e. not using basic research funds – than that of domestic firms. The emphasis is on the localization of established technologies. So far, we have little data on foreign funded R&D centers…However, these are likely to be engaged in localization and creating a learning curve…not yet in high end R&D.

R&D intensity by ownership type…

Patent applications by ownership type

Industry distribution of foreign patent applications Source: Hu and Jefferson (2004), based on calculations using the NBS large and medium-size enterprise data.

An alternative hypothesis The issue is not international frontier innovations arising from foreign R&D. Much foreign R&D is used to adapt foreign designed products to local conditions; it often does not involve much formal R&D. The larger issue is technology transfer…a more primitive stage of technology advance. FDI motivates domestic R&D. Domestic R&D and FDI lead to imitation/innovation, new product development and patenting.